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“Background Type III secretion systems (T3SS) of bacterial pathogens translocate effector proteins into infected cells resulting in a variety of modulations and disruptive actions to host cellular processes. Examples include preventing phagocytosis [1–4], altering Rho signalling [5, 6], subverting intracellular membrane trafficking [7–10] and manipulating innate immune responses [11–16]. T3SS are composed of at least 10 conserved proteins [17] some of which are present in multiple copies. Specific protein components form an export apparatus within the inner membrane. A needle complex is formed using the general secretory pathway (sec system) for some of the ‘ring’ forming components located in the inner and outer bacterial membrane.