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“We recently reported that a preponderance of small adipose cells, decreased expression of cell differentiation markers, and enhanced inflammatory activity in human subcutaneous whole adipose tissue were associated with insulin resistance To test the hypothesis that small adipocytes exhibited these differential properties, we characterised small adipocytes from epididymal adipose tissue of Zucker
Obese (ZO) and Lean (ZL) rats Rat epididymal fat pads were removed and adipocytes isolated this website by collagenase digestion Small adipocytes were separated by sequential filtration through nylon meshes Adipocytes were fixed in osmium tetroxide for cell size distribution analysis via Beckman Coulter Multisizer Quantitative real-time PCR for cell differentiation and inflammatory genes was performed Small
adipocytes represented a markedly greater percentage of the total adipocyte population in ZO than ZL rats (58 +/- 4% vs 12 +/- 3%, p<0 00 1) In ZO rats, small as compared with total adipocytes had 4-fold decreased adiponectin, and 4-fold increased visfatin and IL-6 levels Comparison of small adipocytes in ZO versus ZL ALK inhibitor rats revealed 3-fold decreased adiponectin and PPAR gamma levels, and 2 5-fold increased IL-6 In conclusion, ZO rat adipose tissue harbours a large proportion of small adipocytes that manifest impaired cell differentiation and pro-inflammatory activity, two mechanisms by which small adipocytes may contribute to insulin resistance”
“The objective of the present study was to develop new directly compressed, double-layer tablets (DLTs) of lornoxicam, a highly potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug with short half-life, that are characterized by initial burst drug release in the stomach and comply with the release selleck screening library requirements of sustained-release products. Each of the proposed DLTs is composed of a fast-release layer and a sustained-release layer,
anticipating rapid drug release that starts in the stomach to rapidly alleviate the symptoms and continues in the intestine to maintain protracted analgesic effect. An amorphous, freeze-dried inclusion complex of lornoxicam with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin, present in 1:2 (drug/cyclodextrin) molar ratio, was employed in the fast-release layer to enhance the dissolution of lornoxicam in the stomach and assure rapid onset of its analgesic effect. Xanthan gum (XG), a hydrophilic matrix-forming agent, was integrated in the sustained-release layer to provide appropriate sustainment of drug release. The weight ratios between the sustained-release layer and fast-release layer present in DLTs were adjusted to reach optimal formulations.