A dobutamine response test was performed on 1 dog, starting at a rate of 1 mu g/kg/min and doubling the rate every 15 minutes until fractional shortening
(FS) increased to > 2 times the baseline value.
Results-Evidence of systolic dysfunction was detected in 17 of 20 dogs with dysautonomia, as determined on the basis of FS (median, 17.9%; range, 4.0% to 31.1%). Left ventricular internal dimension during diastole or left ventricular internal dimension during systole was enlarged in 4 of 20 and 14 of 20 dogs, respectively. Enlargement of the left atrium or aorta was identified in 3 of 15 and 1 of 15 dogs in which Sapitinib it was measured, respectively. Administration of dobutamine at a rate of 4 mu g/kg/min resulted in dramatic improvement in FS (increase from 4% to 17%) in the 1 dog tested.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-Results suggested that echocardiographic evidence of diminished systolic function was common in
dogs with dysautonomia. Whether the diminished function was a result of sympathetic denervation or myocardial hibernation was unclear, although myocardial hibernation was more likely. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009;235:1431-1436)”
“BACKGROUND: Xylitol, a sugar alcohol widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries, can be produced through biological reduction CAL-101 nmr of xylose present in hemicellulose hydrolysates by Candida tropicalis. However, the aeration rate and by-products originating from hemicellulose hydrolysis strongly inhibit the production of xylitol in a fermentation process. A two-stage fed-batch fermentation system was developed to selleck compound reduce these inhibitory effects and to improve xylitol production from corn cob hemicellulose hydrolysates by C. tropicalis.
RESULTS: Results of batch fermentations indicated that high xylitol production could be obtained from C. tropicalis at an initial xylose concentration of 80 g L-1 in corn cob hydrolysate medium at an aeration rate of 0.4 vvm at the micro-aeration stage. In the two-stage fed-batch fermentation process,
96.5 g L-1 xylitol was obtained after 120 h, giving a yield of 0.83 g g(-1) and a productivity of 1.01 g L-1 h(-1), which were 12.16% and 65.57% higher than those in a batch fermentation.
CONCLUSION: High xylitol production can be achieved in a two-stage fed-batch fermentation process, in which the negative effects of aeration rate and inhibitory compounds on xylitol formation can be considerably reduced. (C) 2011 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Objective-To determine the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia in dogs with multicentric lymphoma and to investigate any relationship between serum cobalamin concentration and disease outcome.
Design-Cohort study.
Animals-58 dogs with multicentric lymphoma.
Procedures-Serum cobalamin concentrations were measured in 58 dogs with multicentric lymphoma.