All dogs were treated with mitomycin C in the conjunctival pocket intraoperatively and with tissue plasminogen activator immediately after surgery; 1% prednisolone acetate was applied to the implanted eye daily until APR-246 failure of the implant. Medical intervention or additional surgery was performed when intraocular pressures (IOPs) were > 20 mm Hg or progressively increasing values were detected.

Results-After gonioimplant placement, IOP was controlled for a variable period in all dogs. Subsequently, IOP exceeded 20 mm Hg in 7 dogs (median postoperative interval, 326 days). Median interval

to vision loss despite interventional surgery was 518 days (range, 152 to 1,220 days). Surgical intervention was necessary in 4 dogs to maintain satisfactory IOP. Implant extrusion attributable to conjunctival dehiscence or necrosis occurred in 4 dogs. At 365 days after surgery, 8 dogs retained vision, and 5 dogs retained vision throughout follow-up.

Conclusions

and Clinical Relevance-In dogs with medically refractory primary glaucoma, placement of a gonioimplant appears to be effective in maintaining vision. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011;238:610-617)”
“Hip extensors belong to an important muscle group that controls standing, walking and other functional activities. The prone position (PP) is commonly used to measure the strength of the hip extensors; however, the reliability of such measurements is poor. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different testing positions, that is, the PP and the prone standing position (PSP), on the reliability see more of measurements of hip extensor strength. Intrasession reliability and interrater reliability studies were performed on 47 and 16 normal subjects, respectively.

The muscle strength of the hip extensors was tested in both the PP and PSP. A handheld dynamometer selleck screening library and break test were used to measure the strength. Relative reliability and absolute reliability were assessed in both PP and PSP. For relative reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (JCC) was used to examine the level of reproducibility among measurements. Absolute reliability, the smallest real difference (SRD), was used to provide information on measurement error. The results showed that the reliability was better in PSP than in PP. For relative reliability, the values of JCCs were excellent in the intrasession reliabitity Study, in both PP (ICC(1,3) = 0.92) and PSP (ICC(1,3) =0.94). However, the interrater reliability was only excellent in PSP; the ICC(2,3) were 0.92 in PSP and 0.65 in PR For absolute reliability, the values of the SRD were much lower in PSP (29.8) than in PP (71.8), indicating that the measurement of muscle strength in PSP was more stable and had smaller measurement error than in PP.

The fourth patient had a normal shaped gland in its usual location by ultrasonography, with an outcome of transitory congenital hypothyroidism.

Conclusions: The

incidence of missed congenital hypothyroidism diagnoses in this neonatal screening program based Lonafarnib solubility dmso on the TSH approach was low and acceptable. Nevertheless, with the proposed strategy, the risk of false negative results can be reduced without significant impact on the overall cost of the screening program.”
“The enzymatic synthesis of N-substituted acrylamides (N-isopropyl acrylamide and N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide) was demonstrated for the first time. The Rhodococcus erythropolis 37 strain, exhibiting acylamidase activity, was used as a source see more of enzyme, and water-dissolved acrylamide and isopro-pylamine/dimethylaminopropylamine served as substrates. The optimum conditions for the synthesis of acrylamide N-substitutes were determined using N-isopropyl acrylamide. The yield of the product was maximum at pH 9.5-10.5,

substrate (acrylamide/isopropylamine) ratio within the range from 1.3 : 1 to 2 : 1, and absolute substrate concentrations of 8.0 (acrylamide) and 4.0% (isopropylamine). These conditions allowed for the synthesis of 22 g/L of N-isopropyl acrylamide.”
“Aim: To examine the effects of human chorionic gonadotropin therapy on left ventricular mass index in boys with cryptorchidism. Cryptorchidism is the most frequent anomaly of male genitalia.

Patients and Method: Thirty consecutive cryptorchid boys (mean age 4.8 +/- 3.2 years, range 1-8 years) undergoing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) therapy and 30 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. The patient group received hCG by intramuscular injection twice weekly for 5 weeks. At the end of the therapy,

echocardiographic measures were reevaluated. The results of left ventricular mass were indexed to body surface area before and after therapy.

Results: Our results showed that cryptorchid boys undergoing hCG therapy had significantly higher left ventricular mass index than healthy controls at the end of therapy (p<0.001). PD173074 Serum total testosterone levels significantly increased in the patient group and positively correlated with left ventricular mass index (r = 0.48, p = 0.021).

Conclusion: We demonstrated that hCG treatment for cryptorchidism caused a significant increase in left ventricular mass due to high testosterone levels. We conclude that hCG therapy may not be safe for the cardiovascular system in boys with cryptorchidism.”
“In this work, we have shown that salicylic, indole-3-acetic, gibberellic, and abscisic acids at sub-inhibitory concentrations or concentrations that have a low inhibitory effect on bacterial growth stimulate biofilm formation by P. aeruginosa PAO1 and A. tumefaciens C58.

The majority are potentially preventable. Most cases are reactivated

latent infection after immune suppression. Donor-transmitted TB is very rare. We report three cases of TB that were transmitted by organ transplantation from a single AMN-107 order donor.”
“Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly, affecting 1 % of live births. The field of pediatric cardiology has witnessed major advances over the past 25 years triggered by research initiatives focusing on CHD. However, large disparities exist in research capabilities between Arab developing nations and the developed nations. This study used bibliometric analysis to assess the contribution of the Arab countries to CHD research. To identify articles on CHD published in the Arab countries, the United States, and Europe, a systematic search was run on MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus. The Arab countries, with

an estimated population find more of 362 million, published 530 research articles addressing CHD in the last 25 years (average, 1.5 articles/10(6) population). This compares with 12,936 research articles published in the United States (average, 41 articles/10(6) population) and 12,260 published in Europe (average, 24.3 articles/10(6) population). Basic research relating to genetics and animal models of CHD is emerging sparsely in the Arab world, with few articles published in high-impact-factor journals. The Arab world research output in the field of CHD per capita is substantially low, estimated to be 29 times less than in developed countries. Despite the minimal increase in published research articles in global periodicals, most of the research relating to CHD continues to be far from innovative. Regional collaborations with international linkage are starting to evolve. The research facilities in the Arab countries need to increase substantially in research and infrastructure funding to keep up with the pace of research in developing countries.”
“Various rhythm and conduction abnormalities can develop in acute rheumatic fever. This study investigated rhythm and conduction abnormalities in children with acute rheumatic fever

using a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram and 24-h rhythm Holter recordings. This multicenter retrospective study, performed between August 2011 and March Vorinostat solubility dmso 2012, enrolled 73 consecutive children with acute rheumatic fever. Standard electrocardiography was used to measure PR and corrected QT intervals. Holter recordings were evaluated for all the patients, and 52 of the patients (71.2 %) had carditis that was either isolated or together with other major criteria. A positive correlation was detected between carditis and the mean PR interval on standard electrocardiography, but this was not significant (p > 0.05). Standard electrocardiography showed a significant positive correlation between PR and corrected QT intervals (p = 0.03; r = 0.55).

“
“In this study, thermosensitive oligo(N-isopropylacrylamide)

[oligo(NIPAM)] chains were grafted to amphiphilic N,N-dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) gel networks to form DMAA-graft-oligo(NIPAM) gels. The gels were prepared by copolymerizing oligo(NIPAM) macromonomers with DMAA. On heating, the gel caused structural changes in the gel network without causing a large volume change. The effects of the molecular weights and copolymerization ratios of oligo(NIPAM) on the temperature dependence of the swelling properties of the gel were investigated. Furthermore, to confirm the structural changes in the gel network, the temperature dependence of the diffusivity of rhodamine B through the gel membrane was investigated. Oligo(NIPAM) monomers with different molecular weights (M-n) of 2300, 7000, and 13,000 were prepared. The transition from hydrophilic SN-38 molecular weight to hydrophobic AZD3965 purchase for oligo(NIPAM) of M-n 7000 and 13,000 was observed at about 32 degrees C, while that of M-n 2300 was observed between 32 and 45 degrees C. The gels grafted with oligo(NIPAM)s of M-n 7000 and 13,000 shrank above 32 degrees C; in other words, thermosensitivity was clearly observed. On the other hand, the swelling behavior of the gel grafted with oligo(NIPAM) of M-n 2300 was similar to that of the DMAA gel; that is, negligible shrinkage of the gel was

observed on heating. The diffusivity of rhodamine B through the gel membrane grafted with oligo(NIPAM) of M-n 2300 increased stepwise between 40 and 45 degrees C. These results suggest that by selecting the molecular weights and copolymerization ratios of oligo(NIPAM), structural changes in the gel network occur without an overall volume change. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012″
“Background: Neonatal bacterial meningitis remains a severe infectious disease with mortality rates varying between 10% and 15%. The clinical CH5183284 and bacteriologic features of neonatal meningitis collected from January 2001 to December 2007 in a French national survey are presented here.

Methods: Cases of neonatal meningitis were prospectively collected by a network of 252 pediatric wards covering 61% of French pediatric wards, associated

with 168 microbiology laboratories. Neonatal meningitis was classified as early-onset (d0-d4) and late-onset (d5-d28). Statistical analyses were performed according to gestational age and weight at birth.

Results: A total of 444 cases of neonatal bacterial meningitis were reported by 114 pediatric wards. Five cases were excluded from analysis. Group B streptococci (GBS) and Escherichia coli accounted respectively for 59% and 28% of the cases, followed by Gram-negative bacilli other than E. coli (4%), other streptococci (4%), Neisseria meningitidis (3%), and Listeria monocytogenes (1.5%). GBS was the most common pathogen both in early-onset (77% vs. 18% for E. coli) and in late-onset meningitis (50% vs. 33% for E. coli). Among preterm infants, E.

Over-expression of MYR1 or MYR2 produced GA-deficiency symptoms that were rescued by application of gibberellic acid (GA3). Selleckchem Entinostat Loss of MYR1 and MYR2 function was associated with a twofold increase in GA20ox2 expression and a 30%

increase in GA(4) levels, while over-expression of MYR2 led to a threefold decrease in GA20ox2 expression and a 50% decrease in GA(4) levels. Considered together, these results suggest that the ability of MYR1 and MYR2 to repress flowering and organ elongation is at least partly due to their negative effect on levels of bioactive GA.”
“The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of formulating orodispersible film(s) of the antidepressant drug tianeptine sodium to enhance the convenience and compliance by the elderly and pediatric patients. The novel film former, lycoat NG73 (granular hydroxypropyl starch), along with different film-forming agents (hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and polyvinyl

alcohol), in addition to three film modifiers; namely, maltodextrin, polyvinyl pyrrolidone K90 and lycoat RS780 (pregelatinized hydroxypropyl starch) were evaluated. Eight formulae were prepared by the solvent-casting method; and were evaluated for their in vitro dissolution SN-38 cost characteristics, in vitro disintegration time, and their physico-mechanical properties. The promising orodispersible film based on lycoat NG73 (F1); showing the greatest drug dissolution, satisfactory in vitro disintegration time and physico-mechanical properties that are suitable Elafibranor order for orodispersible films, was evaluated for its bioavailability compared with a reference marketed product (Stablon (R) tablets) in rabbits. Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference between the bioavailability parameters (C(max) (ng/ml), t(max) (h), AUC(0-t) (ng h ml(-1)), and AUC(0-infinity) (ng

h ml(-1))] of the test film (F1) and the reference product. The mean ratio values (test/reference) of C(max) (89.74%), AUC(0-t) (110.9%), and AUC(0-infinity) (109.21%) indicated that the two formulae exhibited comparable plasma level-time profiles. These findings suggest that the fast orodispersible film containing tianeptine is likely to become one of choices for acute treatment of depression.”
“The authors recruited 100 active and former National Football League players, representing 27 teams and all positions. Players underwent a clinical history, brain SPECT imaging, qEEG, and multiple neuropsychological measures, including MicroCog. Relative to a healthy-comparison group, players showed global decreased perfusion, especially in the prefrontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, and cerebellar regions. Quantitative EEG findings were consistent, showing elevated slow waves in the frontal and temporal regions. Significant decreases from normal values were found in most neuropsychological tests.

Overall, the procedure most commonly performed in the adult setting was endoscopy, with each trainee recording an average of 116 (range 98-132) oesophagogastroduodenoscopies and 284 (range 227-354) colonoscopies.

General hospitals continue to play a major role in the training of higher surgical trainees. Analysis of the electronic logbooks over a 5-year period reveals the high volume of procedures available to trainees in a non-specialist centre. Such training opportunities are invaluable in the context of changing work practices and limited resources.”
“We

report the ferroelectric, ferromagnetic, and magnetoelectric (ME) properties of self-assembled epitaxial BiFeO3-CoFe2O4 (BFO-CFO) nanostructure composite thin

films deposited on (001), (110), and (111) SrTiO3 (STO) single crystal substrates. These various properties are shown to depend on MEK162 datasheet orientation. The maximum values of the relative dielectric constant, saturation polarization, longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient, saturation magnetization, and ME coefficient at room temperature were 143, 86 mu m/cm(2), 50 pm/V, 400 emu/cc, and 20 mV/cm Oe, respectively.”
“Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a rare inherited disorder caused by mutations in the gene encoding hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT). LND is characterized by overproduction of uric acid, leading to gouty arthritis and nephrolithiasis. Affected patients Selleck PD173074 also have characteristic neurological and behavioral anomalies. Multiple cell models have been developed to study the molecular and metabolic aspects of LND, and several animal models have been developed to elucidate the basis for the neurobehavioral

syndrome. The models have different strengths and weaknesses rendering them suitable for studying different aspects of the disease. The extensive modeling efforts in LND have questioned the concept that an ‘ideal’ disease model is one that replicates all of its features because the pathogenesis of different elements of the disease involves different mechanisms. Instead, the modeling efforts have suggested GSK2399872A ic50 a more fruitful approach that involves developing specific models, each tailored for addressing specific experimental questions.”
“Question under study/principles: Scored tablets are often split to facilitate swallowing or to fractionate the dose. In the latter case, the fragments of the tablet should comply with the content or mass uniformity requirements of the European Pharmacopoeia. For health professionals the splitting information is expected to be ill the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPCs), the package leaflets (PLs) or Hospital Drug Formularies. We investigated the accuracy of splitting statements in these three sources of drug information.

Methods: Twenty daily cannabis users completed a within-subject crossover study. Participants alternated between periods of ad libitum cannabis use and short-term cannabis abstinence (3 days). Placebo was administered at bedtime during one abstinence period (withdrawal test) and extended-release zolpidem, a non-benzodiazepine GABA(A) receptor agonist, was administered during the other. Polysomnographic Fludarabine mouse (PSG) sleep architecture measures, subjective ratings, and cognitive performance effects were assessed each day.

Results: During the placebo-abstinence period, participants had decreased

sleep efficiency, total sleep time, percent time spent in Stage 1 and Stage 2 sleep, REM latency and subjective sleep quality, as well as increased sleep latency and time spent in REM sleep compared with when they were using Selleck Selonsertib cannabis. Zolpidem attenuated the effects of abstinence on sleep architecture and normalized sleep efficiency scores, but had no

effect on sleep latency. Zolpidem was not associated with any significant side effects or next-day cognitive performance impairments.

Conclusions: These data extend prior research that indicates abrupt abstinence from cannabis can lead to clinically significant sleep disruption in daily users. The findings also indicate that sleep disruption associated with cannabis withdrawal can be attenuated by zolpidem, suggesting that hypnotic medications might be useful S63845 mouse adjunct pharmacotherapies

in the treatment of cannabis use disorders. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“PURPOSE: To assess how intraocular lens (IOL) formula choice affects refractive outcomes after cataract surgery using IOLMaster biometry.

SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cheltenham, United Kingdom. DESIGN: Database study.

METHODS: Hypothetical prediction errors were retrospectively calculated on prospectively collected data from electronic medical records using optimized Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, and SRK/T formulas (Sofport AO and Akreos Fit IOLs) across a range of 0.5 mm or 1.0 mm axial length (AL) subgroups.

RESULTS: In short eyes, the Hoffer Q had the lowest mean absolute error (MAE) for ALs from 20.00 to 20.99 mm. The Hoffer Q and Holladay 1 had a lower MAE than the SRK/T for ALs from 21.00 to 21.49 mm. There were no statistically significant differences in MAE for ALs from 21.50 to 21.99 mm. In medium eyes, there were no statistically significant differences in MAE for any IOL formula for ALs from 22.00 to 23.49 mm. For ALs from 23.50 to 25.99 mm, there was a trend toward lower MAEs for the Holladay 1, with statistically significant differences in 2 subgroups. In long eyes, the SRK/T had the lowest MAE, with statistically significant differences for ALs of 27.00 mm or longer.

CONCLUSIONS: The Hoffer Q performed best for ALs from 20.

vector in southern and south-eastern Brazil, incriminated for oligosymptomatic malaria. Previous studies based on the analysis of X chromosome banding patterns and inversion frequencies in An. cruzii populations from these areas have suggested the occurrence of three sibling species. In contrast, two genetically distinct groups among An. cruzii populations from south/south-east and north-east Brazil have been revealed by isoenzyme

analysis. Therefore, An. cruzii remains unclear.

Methods: In this study, a partial sequence of the timeless gene (similar to 400 bp), a locus involved in the control of circadian rhythms, was used buy Blebbistatin as a molecular marker to assess the genetic differentiation between An. cruzii populations from six geographically distinct areas of Brazil.

Results: The timeless gene revealed that An. cruzii from Itaparica Island, Bahia State (north-east Brazil), constitutes

a highly differentiated group compared with the other five populations from south and south-east Brazil. In addition, significant genetic differences were also observed among some of the latter populations.

Conclusion: Analysis of the genetic differentiation in the timeless gene among An. cruzii populations from different areas of Brazil indicated that this malaria vector is a complex of at least two cryptic species. The data also suggest that further work might support the occurrence of other siblings within this complex in Brazil.”
“A MK5108 molecular weight novel microbial phospholipase C (PLC) from Bacillus licheniformis MTCC 7445 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate fractionation, dialysis, anion exchange chromatography and gel AZD1208 ic50 exclusion chromatography. The bacteria growing on vegetable oils secreted significantly high amount of PLC. The enzyme was purified to 23.4-fold with 46% recovery and specific activity 398 U/mg. It exhibited optimum activity

at 70 degrees C and pH 10.0. Using diphosphatidylglycerol as substrate the PLC of B. licheniformis MTCC 7445 had a V-max and K-m of 0.68 mM/min and 32 mM, respectively. It hydrolyzed phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine as well as phosphatidylcholine but not other glycerophospholipids. Its activity was enhanced by 113% with Mn2+ and 110% with Mg2+. During degumming of vegetable oils with this enzyme preparation, the phosphorus content of the oil became lower than 4 mg/kg after 5 h of enzyme treatment at 40 degrees C. The novel PLC from B. licheniformis MTCC 7445 is potentially useful for the refining of high quality oils with 95% removal of phospholipids with attractive yield.”
“Aspirin is one of the pharmacological agents used for thromboprophylaxis.

National thromboprophylaxis guidelines, peer-reviewed studies and data from national joint register of England and Wales were analysed for evidence regarding the efficacy of aspirin versus other agents in thromboprophylaxis and the recommendations of guidelines.

Objective amplitude of accommodation was measured with an autorefractor and subjective amplitude of accommodation, using push-up tests and defocus curves. Physiological and pilocarpine-stimulated IOL movement was measured by anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

RESULTS: The mean values at 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months, respectively, were as follows: CDVA, -0.06 +/- 0.08 (SD), -0.08 +/- 0.09, and -0.05 +/- 0.09; DCNVA, 0.31 +/- 0.15, 0.31 +/- 0.15, and 0.34 +/- 0.16; objective amplitude of accommodation, 0.36 +/- 0.38 diopters (D), 0.12 +/- 0.34 MCC950 mouse D, and 0.10 +/- 0.34 D; subjective amplitude of accommodation, 2.79 +/- 0.86 D, 2.55 +/- 0.85 D, and 2.50 +/- 0.62 D with push-up test and 0.90 +/- 0.40

D, 0.78 +/- 0.23 D, and 0.93 +/- 0.35 D with defocus curves. The maximum physiologic IOL shift at 1 month (mean 45.2 +/- 63.4 mu m) occurred with a 3.0 D accommodative stimulus. At 6 months, the mean pilocarpine-stimulated forward IOL shift was 306 +/- 161 mu m.

CONCLUSIONS: Objective accommodation and forward

axial shift were clinically insignificant with the accommodating IOL. The near visual performance was attributed to depth of focus rather than to true pseudophakic accommodation.”
“Doubled haploid (DH) populations are useful to scientists and breeders in both crop improvement and basic research. p53 inhibitor Current methods of producing DHs usually need in vitro culture for extracting haploids and chemical treatment for chromosome doubling. This report describes a simple method for synthesizing DHs (SynDH) especially

for allopolyploid species by utilizing meiotic restitution genes. The method involves three steps: hybridization to induce recombination, SNX-5422 mouse interspecific hybridization to extract haploids, and spontaneous chromosome doubling by selfing the interspecific F(1)s. DHs produced in this way contain recombinant chromosomes in the genome(s) of interest in a homogeneous background. No special equipment or treatments are involved in the DH production and it can be easily applied in any breeding and/or genetic program. Triticum turgidum L. and Aegilops tauschii Coss, the two ancestral species of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and molecular markers were used to demonstrate the SynDH method.”
“Polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by a simple and inexpensive one-step in situ polymerization method in the presence of ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles. The structural, morphological, and electrical properties of the samples were characterized by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). WAXD and SEM revealed the formation of polyaniline/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposites. Infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was some interaction between the ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles and polyaniline. The dc electrical conductivity measurements were carried in the temperature range of 80 to 300 K.

The patients were divided into five groups according to their BMI status: underweight <

20, normal 20-24.9, overweight 25-29.9, obese 30-34.9, and morbidly obese >= 35. There were no differences in race, gender, cytomegalovirus infection, type of transplant, panel-reactive antibody, retransplant status, flow cytometry cross-match results, mycophenolate mofetil therapy, and total HLA mismatch status. The mean discharge serum creatinine in the morbidly obese group was significantly higher than in other groups (p < 0.001). The difference in creatinine level disappeared at six wk and six months (p > 0.5), respectively. Acute rejection rates, delayed URMC-099 chemical structure graft function, graft survival, and patient survival were not different between the groups. The findings from this large single-center study suggest that obese and morbidly obese patients had similar outcomes compared to other weight groups. Obese and morbidly obese African American patients should not be excluded from kidney transplantation on the basis of weight alone.”
“Polarized cell expansion plays an important role in plant morphogenesis. Tip growth is a dramatic form of this process, which is widely used as

a model to study its regulation by RAC/ROP GTPase signalling. During the dominant haploid phase of its life cycle, the moss Physcomitrella patens contains different types of cells that expand by tip growth. Physcomitrella is a highly attractive experimental system because its genome has been sequenced, and transgene integration by homologous recombination occurs in this plant at click here frequencies allowing effective gene targeting. Furthermore, together with the vascular spikemoss Selaginella moellendorffii, whose genome has also been sequenced, the non-vascular moss Physcomitrella Pevonedistat provides an evolutionary link between green algae and angiosperms. BLAST searches established that the Physcomitrella and Selaginella genomes encode not only putative RAC/ROP

GTPases, but also homologues of all known regulators of polarized RAC/ROP signalling, as well as of key effectors acting in signalling cascades downstream of RAC/ROP activity. Nucleotide sequence relationships within seven different families of Physcomitrella, Selaginella, Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) genes with distinct functions in RAC/ROP signalling were characterized based on extensive maximum likelihood and Neighbor-Joining analyses. The results of these analyses are interpreted in the light of current knowledge concerning expression patterns and molecular functions of RAC/ROP signalling proteins in angiosperms. A key aim of this study is to facilitate the use of Physcomitrella as a model to investigate the molecular control of tip growth in plants.”
“Major deep levels observed in as-grown and irradiated n-type 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC epilayers have been investigated.