2 ± 3.1 to 8.7 ± 3 kg (−15%) with reduced carbohydrate and from 10.1 ± 3.3 to 8.6 ± 2.9 kg (−15%) with reduced fat (P = n.s. between interventions, P < 0.001 compared with baseline for both). Total body fat% estimated by bioimpedance analysis decreased similarly for both interventions (reduced carbohydrate: 35.6 ± 6.4% before and 33.2 ± 7.2% after, P < 0.01; reduced fat: 36.4 ± 5.5% before and 33.5 Stem Cell Compound Library nmr ± 5.1% after, P < 0.001). Cardiorespiratory fitness expressed as maximum oxygen uptake did not change with diet in either group. We observed similar changes in fasting insulin and glucose concentration as well as HOMA index in both intervention

groups (Table 2). Triglycerides, free fatty acids, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol Cyclopamine concentrations were also not significantly different

after diet among groups. However, total- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol decreased more in subjects on a reduced fat diet compared to the reduced carbohydrate diet (Table 2). Liver aminotransferases decreased numerically but not statistically more in the reduced fat group. Adiponectin, fetuin-A, and high sensitive CRP measurements showed similar response in both dietary groups (Table 2). We next analyzed subjects according to their intrahepatic fat content at baseline. We observed a greater intrahepatic fat loss along with a greater reduction of ALT by trend for subgroups with high initial IHL content, irrespective of dietary macronutrient composition (Fig. 5, first and second panels). Furthermore, subjects with high baseline IHL also showed a better relative reduction in IHL (−50 ± 22% versus −31 ± 36 on reduced carbohydrate; −44 ± 20 versus −23 ± 49% on reduced fat; P < 0.05 for both). In contrast, similar responses occurred for visceral fat mass, insulin sensitivity

(Fig. 5, third panel; Fig. 6, first panel) as well as fasting insulin, glucose, and HOMA index between subgroups. To assess influences of insulin sensitivity on the response to macronutrient composition, we stratified subjects into an insulin-sensitive and an insulin-resistant group using a predefined C-ISI cutoff of 4.5.28 The insulin-resistant group was heavier Fossariinae (95.9 ± 15.8 versus 90.1 ± 15.9 kg; P = 0.072) and showed higher IHL values (12.5 ± 11.9 versus 5.8 ± 6.3%; P < 0.01) compared with the insulin-sensitive group. Insulin-resistant subjects lost 7.9 ± 4.6 kg on the reduced carbohydrate and 7.8 ± 4.9 kg on the reduced fat diet (n.s.). Insulin sensitive subjects lost 7.2 ± 4.2 kg on the reduced carbohydrate and 5.2 ± 4.1 kg on the reduced fat diet (P = 0.075). IHL in insulin-resistant subjects decreased 6% ± 6.7% with reduced carbohydrates and 4.9% ± 4.8% with reduced fat (n.s.). In insulin-sensitive subjects, IHL decreased 2.1% ± 2.3% with the reduced carbohydrate and 3.3% ± 5.1% (n.s.) with the reduced fat diet. When stratifying subjects for impaired glucose tolerance before diet those with impaired glucose tolerance had similar bodyweight (94.8 ± 15.