, 2006) According to the ITC Conceptual Model, tobacco control p

, 2006). According to the ITC Conceptual Model, tobacco control policies influence individuals by first influencing factors that are most proximal (conceptually closest) or most specifically related to the policy itself. These factors furthermore are called policy-specific variables and include variables like warning label salience, perceived costs of cigarettes, and support for smoke-free legislation. Policy-specific variables in turn influence psychosocial mediators. Psychosocial mediators in the ITC Conceptual Model have been taken from various social cognitive models. These models assume that behavior is the result of intentions, and intentions, in turn, are the result of three main types of factors: attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy (e.g., Ajzen, 1991; De Vries & Mudde, 1998).

Finally, changes in psychosocial mediators are expected to influence policy-relevant outcomes, such as quit attempts and quit success. To date, no published studies have reported on a test of the full causal chain explaining the effect of individual exposure to smoke-free legislation on smoking cessation (see Figure 1). Most studies have focused on the effects of implementing smoke-free legislation on support for smoke-free legislation and awareness of the harm of (secondhand) smoking (policy-specific variables). These studies mainly found that exposure to smoke-free legislation increases support for smoke-free legislation without examining how such support translates into changes in smoking behavior (Borland et al, 2006; Brown, Moodie, & Hastings, 2009; Fong, Hyland, et al.

, 2006; Hyland, Higbee, et al., 2009; Mons et al., 2012; Thrasher, Boado, Sebri��, & Bianco, 2009; Thrasher, P��rez-Hern��ndez, Swayampakala, Arillo-Santill��n, & Bottai, 2010; Thrasher, Swayampakala, et al., 2010). Some studies have also found associations of exposure to smoke-free legislation with awareness of the harm of smoking and secondhand smoking (Hyland, Higbee, et al., 2009; Thrasher, P��rez-Hern��ndez, et al., 2010), while other studies have shown that support for smoke-free legislation is associated with awareness of the harm of secondhand smoking (Borland et al., 2006; Mons et al., 2012). Some studies have examined the effects of support for smoke-free legislation on attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy (psychosocial mediators).

It was found that support for smoke-free legislation was associated with attitudes (Macy, Middlestadt, Seo, Kolbe, & Jay, 2012; Nagelhout, Mons, et al., 2011; Thrasher, Besley, & Gonz��lez, 2010) and subjective norms (Brown et al., 2009; Macy et al., 2012; Nagelhout, Mons, et al., 2011; Thrasher et al., 2009) about smoking and quitting. These in turn increased intentions Carfilzomib to quit smoking (Brown et al., 2009; Macy et al., 2012), but effects on smoking cessation were not studied. Figure 1.

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