7% vs. 26.7% in 2008, P<.001). Of the 111 integrated applicants applying for our single position (73% of entire 2009 applicant pool), the majority of applicants were residing in the United States (88.3%) and a sizable proportion (25.2%) hid completed at least one full year of either surgical training or surgical research at an institution in the Unites States. Objective measures of academic success included mean United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1

and Step 2 scores of 89.1 and 89.5, respectively. The mean number of peer-reviewed journal publications at the time of application was 2.8.

Conclusion: The number of integrated vascular surgery residency applicants far outweighs the number of available positions. Growing interest in more efficient and comprehensive vascular surgery training will continue to augment learn more demand. As educators, selleck products vascular surgeons should seize this opportunity and aggressively expand the number of available integrated residency training positions. (J Vase Surg 2009;50:1513-8.)”
“In this work we showed that nitric oxide produced via red wine- and ascorbate-dependent reduction of nitrite diffuses through the rat stomach,

inducing smooth muscle relaxation. The studies encompassed ex vivo and in vivo models of diffusion. Regarding the former, luminal (center dot)NO generated from a mixture of physiologic nitrite and ascorbate or wine diffuses across the stomach wall, being 8-20% of that produced in the mucosal side detected at high mu M range (>100 mu M) in the serosal side. In order to evaluate whether cellular dysfunction was associated with (center dot)NO diffusion at the mu M range, the gastric tissue exposed to (center dot)NO was evaluated in terms of carbachol-induced muscle contraction in fundal strips and mitochondrial respiration and showed to remain functional and metabolically active. Moreover, pre-contracted gastric strips were shown to relax 86.5 +/- 5.5% (control) and 75.0 +/- 4.0% (nitrite/ascorbate-exposed tissue) when challenged with acidified nitrite. The studies in

the living animal support the diffusion of luminal (center dot)NO to the Bumetanide gastric vasculature as, following addition of nitrite/ascorbate to rat stomach in vivo, (center dot)NO was not detected in the serosal environment but concentrations as high as 31 mu M of (center dot)NO were detected outside the stomach after cardiac arrest. Collectively, the results establish a link between the consumption of nitrite and dietary reductants (e.g., wine polyphenols) and stomach muscle relaxation via the local chemical generation of (center dot)NO. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Four patients with high internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusive disease were indicated for surgical endarterectomy and needed additional exposure be-sides regular head rotation and extension. When indicated, in our clinic this is usually achieved by mandibular subluxation with interdental wiring.