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designed the experiments and carried out most of the data collection and drafted the manuscript. ZHZHL participated in data analysis and interpretation and drafted the manuscript. JRS conceived the study, participated in its design and revised the manuscript. DHY contributed to data analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Pseudomonas syringae comprises a large and well-studied group of plant-pathogenic bacteria [1]. They infect a broad range of host plants and are subdivided into more than 50 different pathogenic variants called pathovars [2]. P. syringae possesses a number of well-studied virulence and pathogenicity factors such as the Type III effector trafficking system, various phytotoxins, different Chlormezanone mechanisms suppressing the plant defense, or synthesis of exopolysaccharides [3–5]. Exopolysaccharides play a variety of roles in virulence and pathogenicity not only in Pseudomonas but also in other biofilm-producing organisms [6, 7]. The two major exopolysaccharides produced by P. syringae pv. glycinea are alginate and levan [7]. Levan is a β-(2,6) polyfructan with extensive branching through β-(2,1) linkages, while alginate is a copolymer of O-acetylated β-(1,4)-linked D-mannuronic acid and its C-5 epimer, L-guluronic acid [7–10]. P. syringae pv.