All dogs were treated with mitomycin C in the conjunctival pocket intraoperatively and with tissue plasminogen activator immediately after surgery; 1% prednisolone acetate was applied to the implanted eye daily until APR-246 failure of the implant. Medical intervention or additional surgery was performed when intraocular pressures (IOPs) were > 20 mm Hg or progressively increasing values were detected.

Results-After gonioimplant placement, IOP was controlled for a variable period in all dogs. Subsequently, IOP exceeded 20 mm Hg in 7 dogs (median postoperative interval, 326 days). Median interval

to vision loss despite interventional surgery was 518 days (range, 152 to 1,220 days). Surgical intervention was necessary in 4 dogs to maintain satisfactory IOP. Implant extrusion attributable to conjunctival dehiscence or necrosis occurred in 4 dogs. At 365 days after surgery, 8 dogs retained vision, and 5 dogs retained vision throughout follow-up.

Conclusions

and Clinical Relevance-In dogs with medically refractory primary glaucoma, placement of a gonioimplant appears to be effective in maintaining vision. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2011;238:610-617)”
“Hip extensors belong to an important muscle group that controls standing, walking and other functional activities. The prone position (PP) is commonly used to measure the strength of the hip extensors; however, the reliability of such measurements is poor. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different testing positions, that is, the PP and the prone standing position (PSP), on the reliability see more of measurements of hip extensor strength. Intrasession reliability and interrater reliability studies were performed on 47 and 16 normal subjects, respectively.

The muscle strength of the hip extensors was tested in both the PP and PSP. A handheld dynamometer selleck screening library and break test were used to measure the strength. Relative reliability and absolute reliability were assessed in both PP and PSP. For relative reliability, the intraclass correlation coefficient (JCC) was used to examine the level of reproducibility among measurements. Absolute reliability, the smallest real difference (SRD), was used to provide information on measurement error. The results showed that the reliability was better in PSP than in PP. For relative reliability, the values of JCCs were excellent in the intrasession reliabitity Study, in both PP (ICC(1,3) = 0.92) and PSP (ICC(1,3) =0.94). However, the interrater reliability was only excellent in PSP; the ICC(2,3) were 0.92 in PSP and 0.65 in PR For absolute reliability, the values of the SRD were much lower in PSP (29.8) than in PP (71.8), indicating that the measurement of muscle strength in PSP was more stable and had smaller measurement error than in PP.