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“Aim: To confirm the reliability and sensitivity of Salmonella testing of processed poultry in Australia.
Methods and Results: The detection of Salmonella in a whole carcass wash of 90 randomly selected processed broilers was compared using the Australian Standard method, an Australian industry method used by a major processor
and the United States Department of Agriculture method published in the Federal Register. The sensitivity of each method was determined using a carcass wash containing a known number of Salmonella Typhimurium to determine the minimum concentration to be able to be identified as positive. The two Australian methods were found to be comparable with both learn more the Australian methods detecting more positive carcasses than the United States Department of
Agriculture this website (USDA) method. The Australian methods were sensitive at the level of 1-3 CFU ml(-1) and the USDA method was sensitive at 10-30 CFU ml(-1).
Conclusions: The Australian Standard method and the Australian industry method were both able to detect Salmonella reliably even at a low level of contamination.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This study gives a high level of confidence both to the operators of poultry-processing plants and to regulators dependent upon the outcome of Salmonella testing for process control in Australia.”
“Cocaine effectively inhibits dopamine (DA) uptake and this action appears to be the primary cause for increased DA transmission following systemic cocaine administration. Although this action had been reliably demonstrated in vivo with cocaine at high doses, data on the extent and the time-course of DA uptake
Dichloromethane dehalogenase inhibition induced by i.v. cocaine at low, reinforcing doses remain controversial. To clarify this issue, we examined how cocaine affects striatal neuronal responses to repeated iontophoretic DA applications in urethane-anesthetized rats. Because most striatal neurons during anesthesia have low, sporadic activity, DA tests were performed on cells tonically activated by continuous glutamate application.
DA phasically decreased the activity of most dorsal and ventral striatal neurons; these responses in control conditions (i.v. saline) were current (dose)-dependent and remained highly stable following repeated DA applications at the same currents. DA also consistently decreased the activity of striatal neurons after i.v. cocaine (1 mg/kg); the magnitude of DA-induced inhibition slowly increased from similar to 5 min, became significantly larger from similar to 9 min, and peaked at 13-15 min after a single i.v. injection. Then, the difference in the DA response slowly decreased toward the pre-cocaine baseline. A similar enhancement of DA induced-inhibition was also seen after i.p. cocaine administration at a high dose (15 mg/ kg).