Conclusion In conclusion, our study supports that TLE and IGE are both associated with significant atrophy compared to healthy controls These changes appear to occur beyond the local temporal epileptogenic region for TLE patients. It remains unknown whether these changes are associated somehow with neurological and cognitive morbidities often seen in patients with chronic epilepsy. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Background Cardiovascular health varies with season, weather, and climate. While seasonal temperature variation has been a primary target of investigation, sunlight also varies seasonally and has not been adequately investigated. Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries Sunlight directly alters vitamin D status, but aside from skin cancer there are few data on how sunlight directly affects human health.

Although there are few studies of vitamin D and stroke, there is indication that vitamin D insufficiency may increase vascular event risk factors. Both geographic latitude Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries and vitamin D level have been linked to blood pressure, with potential mechanisms involving the renin angiotensin system, inflammation, vasculature, or glycemic control. Exposure to ultraviolet B radiation has also been shown to affect blood pressure and other stroke risk factors. Vitamin D and cholesterol have a common upstream metabolite Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries 7 dehydrocholesterol, which is converted to previtamin D3 in the skin after exposure to sunlight. Observational studies have shown that higher vitamin D blood levels may improve lipid levels. Higher vitamin D levels may also improve health status of those with chronic kidney disease, although the results are mixed.

Inflammation is related to stroke, blood pressure, lipid levels, and kidney function, and may also be related to vitamin D levels. There are seasonal variations in inflammation, although this could be due to infection and allergy. Vitamin D may also improve Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries kidney function by acting as renin angiotensin system inhibitors and improving microalbuminuria. Sunlight radiation and temperature are available from the North American Land Data Assimilation System Phase 2 forcing. These data were matched to an individuals geocoded home residence and have previously been used in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study, finding that reduced sunlight exposure was associated with increased stroke incidence.

In this manuscript, we examine whether increased residential sunlight exposure is related to increased blood pressure, serum lipid levels, kidney function, and inflammation. etc Since both skin color and the kidney are linked with vitamin D production and regulation, and since Vitamin D levels have been posited to contribute to racial health disparities, we examine whether increased sunlight radiation exposure leads to poorer outcomes among black participants and those with impaired kidney function.