College students who simultaneously used alcohol and cannabis.
= 341;
Across two intensive bursts, a 198-year-old, 513% female, 748% White individual, completed five daily surveys for 56 consecutive days. To investigate the influence of daily substance use type on specific adverse outcomes, we employed generalized linear mixed-effects models, while adjusting for consumption levels and other relevant factors.
Days solely featuring cannabis use were correlated with a reduced probability of hangovers, blackouts, nausea/vomiting, injuries, rude or aggressive behavior, and unwanted sexual encounters in contrast to alcohol-only days and co-use days. Driving under the influence was more likely on days where cannabis was the sole substance consumed, or where alcohol and cannabis were used together, compared to days involving only alcohol. Ultimately, the incidence of hangovers was markedly higher on days where alcohol was consumed in isolation compared to days involving the combined consumption of alcohol and other substances.
Specific consequences varied across days marked by different substance use. The research suggests that alcohol consumption, rather than cannabis use, is the primary factor behind the negative consequences of co-use. The findings further suggested that these young adults demonstrated a higher propensity to drive under the influence of cannabis compared to alcohol. Interventions for co-use situations involving alcohol should prioritize reducing negative effects including blackouts, injury, unacceptable behavior, unwanted sexual encounters, and emphasize the dangers of cannabis-impaired driving.
Days marked by diverse substance use patterns experienced divergent outcomes. Rather than cannabis use, alcohol consumption seems to be the major driver of the majority of the negative co-use consequences investigated. find more The study's results highlighted a pronounced inclination among these young adults towards endorsing driving under the influence of cannabis in preference to alcohol. Strategies for co-use interventions must tackle alcohol intake to reduce negative consequences, such as blackouts, injuries, rude or aggressive behavior, unwanted sexual activity, and underscore the dangers of cannabis-impaired driving.

Despite the significance of alcohol enforcement in minimizing the negative consequences of alcohol consumption, empirical analyses of alcohol enforcement interventions, especially those conducted over extended periods, are scarce. At two predetermined points, the implementation and frequency of alcohol-specific law enforcement practices were evaluated.
In 2019, a survey was conducted on 1028 U.S. local law enforcement agencies (including police and sheriff's departments), which had been sampled in 2010, resulting in a 72% response rate (742 agencies). We investigated adjustments in alcohol control enforcement strategies and objectives within three classifications: (1) alcohol-related driving offenses, (2) serving alcohol to visibly intoxicated patrons (i.e., over-serving), and (3) underage alcohol consumption.
Compared to 2010, agencies in 2019 placed a stronger emphasis on enforcing laws regarding alcohol-impaired driving and overservice, as evidenced by their reports. Regarding alcohol-impaired driving enforcement tactics, a growing trend was evident in the utilization of saturation patrols and the application of laws against open containers of alcohol in vehicles, yet sobriety checkpoints remained unchanged. Of the agencies, around 25% implemented overservice measures in each of the two years. In both years of analysis, enforcement of measures designed to deter underage drinking decreased while strategies targeting underage drinkers increased compared to those targeting alcohol vendors (businesses, adults).
Enforcement levels, across numerous strategies, saw a decrease or remained stubbornly low, even as alcohol-related enforcement was prioritized. Alcohol control enforcement strategies, including a heightened focus on alcohol suppliers to minors instead of targeting underage drinkers, and heightened awareness and enforcement regarding sales to visibly intoxicated patrons, should be adopted by more agencies. find more These strategies, by their nature, have the potential for reducing the health and safety concerns tied to heavy alcohol consumption.
Agencies, while apparently prioritizing alcohol enforcement, documented a continued lack of, or even a decrease in, enforcement across a range of strategies, reports indicate. Strategies for stronger alcohol control, encompassing more stringent measures regarding alcohol suppliers to minors instead of underage drinkers, and enhanced awareness and enforcement against sales to obviously intoxicated patrons, could be adopted by more agencies. Implementing these strategies can lead to a reduction in the health and safety consequences linked to heavy alcohol use.

The concurrent use of alcohol and marijuana (SAM) is linked to increased consumption of both substances and more adverse outcomes, yet the societal, physiological, and temporal elements surrounding SAM use remain poorly understood.
In a study involving young adults (N=409, 512% female, 491% White Non-Hispanic), past-month SAM users completed a maximum of 14 daily surveys across five bursts. These surveys aimed to understand the association between SAM use, negative consequences, and social, physical, and temporal environments. Multilevel modeling techniques were utilized to explore the associations between SAM use contexts and the quantities and consequences of alcohol and marijuana use.
The social setting of being alone, in contrast to the company of others, was found to be associated with a lower quantity of drinks consumed. Utilizing both home and non-home environments (as opposed to solely home environments) was correlated with higher alcohol and marijuana consumption amounts and more adverse outcomes (but this correlation vanished after adjusting for alcohol consumption levels); using only external locations (compared to solely home environments) was associated with increased alcohol use, more alcohol-related problems (but not after controlling for alcohol intake), and fewer marijuana-related problems (even after adjusting for marijuana use). Engaging with SAM before 6 PM, rather than after 9 PM, was linked to greater amounts of alcohol and marijuana, and more negative repercussions from marijuana use (though this link lessened when adjusting for intoxication duration).
SAM's use in social contexts, such as interactions with others outside the home in the early evening, is frequently linked to greater consumption of alcohol and marijuana, as well as more serious outcomes.
SAM's social interactions, including those that take place outside the home and during the earlier part of the evening, are typically associated with greater use of alcohol and marijuana, along with more serious consequences.

From November 2019 onwards, Ireland has implemented restrictions on alcohol advertising, specifically within cinemas, outdoor spaces (like those near schools), and on public transport. Although awareness of such promotional material lessened a year after the restrictions, the various strategies to curb COVID-19 transmission rendered the interpretation of the data ambiguous. Post-mitigation, two years later, our study assesses changes in awareness levels in Ireland and contrasts them with Northern Ireland, where different COVID-19 measures persisted.
Three waves of cross-sectional surveys targeting adults recruited from non-probability online panels will be conducted in Ireland; the initial wave in October 2019 (pre-restrictions), followed by subsequent waves in October 2020 and 2021 (post-restrictions).
October 2020/2021 saw 3029 cases reported in the United Kingdom, in addition to two cases in the region of Northern Ireland.
The characteristics and design of this item demand meticulousness, precision, and careful thought. Past-month alcohol marketing activity awareness (including public transportation, cinema, and outdoor advertising) was self-reported by participants, categorized into three responses: 'Aware,' 'Unaware,' and 'Unsure'.
Ireland's reporting patterns on past-month awareness show a unique characteristic. 2021 and 2020 demonstrated higher figures for all restricted advertising campaigns, including public transport advertisements (like comparing 2021 to 2019), compared to 2019's values.
The study revealed a statistically significant effect of 188, with a 95% confidence interval spanning from 153 to 232. The study of wave-jurisdiction interaction highlights a difference in 2021, compared to 2020, regarding the probability of reporting no previous-month awareness of public transport and cinema advertising. Ireland's figures, despite the similar expansion of exposure opportunities in both regions facilitated by decreased pandemic restrictions, still outpaced those of Northern Ireland. Outdoor advertising exhibited no interaction, implying jurisdictional differences did not influence inter-wave trends.
Ireland's recent restrictions have decreased public awareness of alcohol advertising within cinemas and on public transport during the previous month, leaving outdoor advertising unaffected. find more Sustained surveillance is imperative.
The restrictions imposed by Ireland last month have diminished awareness of alcohol advertisements in cinemas and public transportation; however, outdoor advertising remained unchanged. Further examination is indispensable.

The digital Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (d-AUDIT) underwent analysis of its factorial structure and diagnostic efficacy for identifying excessive alcohol consumption within primary care.
Employing a cross-sectional design, we studied 330 individuals, aged 18 and older, who had consumed alcohol six or more times in the preceding year, at two Santiago, Chile primary care centers. Based on a validated Chilean on-paper version, the d-AUDIT was developed and is now administered via self-completion on seven-inch tablets.