However, co-inoculation of R. phaseoli and B. megaterium further enhanced the mungbean growth, nodulation and yield in comparison with controls. Rhizobial inoculation produced 24.0 g pot(-1) pod yield and 30.20 g pot(-1) straw yield whereas co-inoculation produced 24.3 g pot(-1) pod yield and 32.07 g pot(-1)

straw yield at highest fertilizer level. Co-inoculation produced higher root mass (231.3 g), root length (50.54 cm), nodule number (78) and nodular mass (0.216 g) as compared to control. Similarly, co-inoculations also improved find more the nutrient concentration in mung plant and grains as compared to control. Study suggested that co-inoculation with R. phaseoli and Bacillus sp. employed assenting effect on yield components and could be a useful approach than their sole application. However, a comprehensive approach to employ the PGPR in legumes should be carried out to explore the hidden potential of PGPR and to promote the quality and yield of crops under field conditions.”
“Asparagus officinalis is an economically and nutritionally important vegetable crop that is widely cultivated and is used as a model dioecious species Selleckchem JQ1 to study plant sex determination and sex chromosome evolution. To improve our understanding of its genome composition, especially with respect to transposable elements (TEs), which make up the majority

of the genome, we performed Illumina HiSeq2000 sequencing of both male and female asparagus genomes followed by bioinformatics analysis. We generated 17 Gb of sequence (126coverage) and assembled them into 163,406 scaffolds with a total cumulated length of 400 Mbp, which represent about 30% of asparagus genome. Overall,

TEs masked about 53% of the A. officinalis assembly. Majority of the identified TEs belonged to LTR retrotransposons, which constitute about 28% of genomic DNA, with Ty1/copia elements being more diverse and accumulated to higher copy numbers than Ty3/gypsy. Compared with LTR retrotransposons, non-LTR retrotransposons and DNA Apoptosis inhibitor transposons were relatively rare. In addition, comparison of the abundance of the TE groups between male and female genomes showed that the overall TE composition was highly similar, with only slight differences in the abundance of several TE groups, which is consistent with the relatively recent origin of asparagus sex chromosomes. This study greatly improves our knowledge of the repetitive sequence construction of asparagus, which facilitates the identification of TEs responsible for the early evolution of plant sex chromosomes and is helpful for further studies on this dioecious plant.”
“BACKGROUND: Individuals who had past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection appeared to clear their serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) while producing antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), which is detectable in their serum.