In addition, theoretical strength is expected in NWs with D < D-C. Our studies provide a simple, but basic, understanding for the size effect of strengths in single crystalline NWs. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3594655]“
“Background: The last decade has seen the emergence of a variety of supine positions for carrying out percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). These positions all differ with PD0325901 mw regard to ease of puncture under image guidance, operative field availability, ability to make and dilate multiple tracts and ease of combining retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS).

As all of these positions have their limitations regarding the important parameters mentioned above, there is a need for a supine position which addresses some of the difficulties. Methods: We describe and illustrate our flank-free modified supine position, which we believe addresses a number of the issues. Results: Our position allows ASP2215 manufacturer easy percutaneous access under fluoroscopy (torso only tilted to around 15), space for placing (flank free of support) and dilating multiple tracts (kidney lies in a fairly neutral position and hence less mobile), a fairly horizontal tract allowing low intrarenal pressures and easy

washout of fragments as well as allowing RIRS in a position of relative familiarity. The lesser torso rotation compared with the Valdivia, Galdakao modified and the Barts modified Valdivia positions also means it

is more comfortable for patients. Conclusions: Our results are encouraging and easily comparable BVD-523 concentration with published series on prone position, Valdivia, complete supine and the Barts modified Valdivia positions. We would like to highlight the Barts ‘flankfree’ modified supine position as one of the standard positions for carrying out supine PCNL. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Cellular gene expression measurements contain regulatory information that can be used to discover novel network relationships. Here, we present a new algorithm for network reconstruction powered by the adaptive lasso, a theoretically and empirically well-behaved method for selecting the regulatory features of a network. Any algorithms designed for network discovery that make use of directed probabilistic graphs require perturbations, produced by either experiments or naturally occurring genetic variation, to successfully infer unique regulatory relationships from gene expression data. Our approach makes use of appropriately selected cis-expression Quantitative Trait Loci (cis-eQTL), which provide a sufficient set of independent perturbations for maximum network resolution. We compare the performance of our network reconstruction algorithm to four other approaches: the PC-algorithm, QTLnet, the QDG algorithm, and the NEO algorithm, all of which have been used to reconstruct directed networks among phenotypes leveraging QTL.