jamesii and to the endemic group of Antarctic photobionts found in extremely cold and dry regions (T. sp. URa1) as well as to a new and strongly supported clade of two Swedish samples (T. sp. URa12). The heterogeneous clade of T. impressa formed a well-supported group and contained samples from Ruine Homburg, Hochtor and Gynge Alvar, together with its strongly supported sister clade of two accessions including two samples which are not from the study

areas (high alpine areas in Austria, T. sp. URa13). Trebouxia sp. URa6 which included several specimens from Tabernas, Hochtor and Ruine Homburg, was only weakly supported and, finally, T. sp. URa2 that frequently occurs in Antarctica was placed together with one accession from Hochtor and one from Gynge Alvar. Concatenated Trebouxia ITS and psbL-J (Fig. 2) This selleck chemicals phylogeny, including concatenated sequences of nuclear ITS and the intergenic spacer of the chloroplast–protein of photosystem II (psbL-J), produced the same groupings as the Trebouxia ITS, but they were more strongly supported and better resolved (see T. sp. URa2, 4 and 6). The backbone was better structured and several clades clustered clearly together in one well supported subgroup (T. sp. URa2, T. jamesii, T. sp. URa11, T. sp. URa1, T. sp. URa12 and Trichostatin A in vitro T. sp. URa3). selleck screening library Asterochloris ITS (Fig. 3) Finally, the phylogenetic reconstruction of the nuclear

ITS of Asterochloris samples including several accessions from Genbank showed many low diverged, but well supported and, in the literature described, species (Peksa and Skaloud 2011). The tree was rooted with C. saccharophilum and T. impressa in order to better see the degree of

relationship of the different photobiont groups. The backbone in this phylogeny was not supported. A quite distinct, strongly supported and new clade contained the majority of Asterochloris accessions from this study coming from Ruine Homburg and Gynge Alvar. Two other well, and one weakly, supported groups contained the remaining accessions from Ruine Homburg, Hochtor and Gynge Alvar. Only one sample, from Ruine Homburg, clustered together Amrubicin with A. magna. No Asterochloris sequence was detected from Tabernas. The summarized phylogenetic results for photobionts showed three delimited algal groups (Asterochloris, Chloroidium and Trebouxia) and several other, but not assignable eukaryotic green micro algae (see Table 4). Five different Asterochloris clades occurred in high alpine and temperate regions (Hochtor, Ruine Homburg and Gynge Alvar) but none at the hot and arid Tabernas field site in SE-Spain. Only one species of Chloroidium sp. was molecularly identified and occurred at Hochtor. Trebouxia was represented by 12 different clades (including two specimens from outside the SCIN-area at Hochtor [T. sp. URa13]), and was found to occur in all habitats. Most of the photobionts were cosmopolitan (12 clades) and only a few accessions forming five small groups were restricted to single sample sites (Asterochloris sp.