Moreover, the concept of non-exercise activity find protocol thermogenesis (NEAT) seems important in energy balance regulation as in the study, which overfed 16 non-obese subjects with 4.2 MJ/day for 56 days; changes in NEAT directly predicted resistance to FM gain from overfeeding [8]. Additionally,

there is an association between weight gain and sedentary time during 3 days of overfeeding [11]. Thus, AEE is the most important component of energy expenditure to maintain body weight and composition during overfeeding. However, there is little detailed evidence of changes in body composition when AEE is maintained during overfeeding. Additionally, there is poor information regarding body composition during short-term overfeeding. Therefore, we hypothesized that fat mass would not be

gained during overfeeding if AEE could be maintained. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in body composition during short-term overfeeding using the three-component model, which includes FM, total body water (TBW), and fat-free dry solids (FFDS). Methods Ten healthy, non-obese Japanese men participated in this study (mean±standard deviations; age=23.1±1.6 years; height=171.7±3.6 cm; body weight=63.6±4.5 kg; and body mass index=21.6±1.3 kg/m2). All subjects lacked chronic diseases that could affect body composition, metabolism, or daily PA. The subjects were invited to attend an informational meeting and those interested in participating in the study provided written informed consent. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fukuoka University (10-12-02). The experimental design of the study is shown in Figure 1. Body composition was evaluated at three time points:

the day before the 3-day normal diet of the survey period (Baseline1st [BL1st]); the day after the 3-day normal diet of the survey period (this day is the same measurement before overfeeding) (Baseline2nd (BL2nd)); and the day after the overfeeding diet period (Overfeeding (OF)). Subjects measured their own body weights twice daily for the 6 days (in the morning fasting and again before going to bed) from BL1st to OF. Additionally, subjects measured Cilengitide their own body weights (in the morning fasting) for 2 days during the postintervention observation period and for 2 weeks following completion of OF. Figure 1 Study protocol. The normal EI survey was defined over a 3-day period (between BL1st and BL2nd measurement). The overfeeding EI survey defined a 3-day period following a normal diet (between BL2nd and OF measurement). We informed all subjects about their normal EI to maintain that level of EI. During the 3-day overfeeding period, subjects were overfed with a diet supplying 1500 kcal per day more energy than the 3-day normal EI. Diets were self-selected during normal and overfeeding periods. Excess EI during the overfeeding period was selected based on the energy information shown on food packages.