O2 is able to interact with proteins other than the bZIP type in

O2 is able to interact with proteins other than the bZIP type in heterologous sys tems. It is worth to mention that in the current study we have observed a sizeable reduction in the o7 endo sperm of the transcription level of O2 and VSF1, another bZIP transcriptional activator, identified in tomato and involved in vascular non-small-cell lung carcinoma development. Whether O7 affects directly or indirectly expression of other TFs remains to be clari fied. However, it is clear that the down regulation of O2 noted in the o7 mutant is not sufficient to induce an o2 like phenotype, because changes in the transcriptome of the two mutants are different and appear to some extent additive. Therefore, it is likely that O7 is one of the components that may cooperate with other factor in regulating O2 expression via direct or indirect mechanisms.

Finally, our results indicate alterations in the expression profile of genes encoding protein phos phatases and kinases, these proteins, in turn, provide the means to transduce internal and exter nal signals into transcriptional and or chemical responses in cells. Almost no protein phospha tases and kinases Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries from seeds have been analyzed in the opaque mutants in detail, although evidence has shown that at the post translational level phosphorylation of O2 protein modulates its DNA binding affinity. In fact, these last authors have found that O2 proteins Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries exist in the endosperm cells as a pool of differentially phosphorylated forms varying in their relative abun dance and in the extent of phosphorylation.

Conclusions In summary, our analyses reveal that O2 and O7 are very pleiotropic regulatory factors, affecting the expres sion of a broad Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries range of endosperm expressed genes involved in several metabolic pathways. Here, the use of microarrays based on cDNA libraries of biological sam ples enriched in endosperm tissue allowed us to identify with Inhibitors,Modulators,Libraries a good level of confidence a large collection of genes differentially expressed in endosperm mutants that were not previously identified through traditional analyses and in a similar study as reported previously. The number of genes to be affected by O2 and O7 suggests that these, and in particular O2, represent an evolutionary ancient factor responsible for modeling intermediary metabolism, which has been Drug_discovery subsequently recruited for boosting the expression of a zeins storage products.

Although, by necessity this paper is descriptive and more work is necessary to define gene function and dissect the complex regulation of gene expression, the genes isolated and characterized www.selleckchem.com/products/XL184.html to date give us an intri guing insight into the mechanisms underlying endo sperm metabolism. Methods Plant material The normal maize inbred A69Y and the endosperm mutant genotypes o2, o7, and o2o7, in a near isogenic A69Y background were grown in adjacent plots in the genetic nursery of the Maize Research Unit in Bergamo, during summer 2006. The o2 mutant line con tained o2m, a null expression O2 allele, while the o7 mutant was obtained f

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