One small pseudo-randomized controlled study indicates that oral phosphate supplementation in the early post-transplant period may help to normalize serum phosphate concentration and muscle phosphate content after transplantation without affecting calcium or parathyroid hormone (PTH) metabolism. Oral phosphate supplementation appears

to prolong phosphaturia, increasing renal net acid excretion thus helping to correct metabolic acidosis.1 One small before and after trial suggests that oral phosphate supplementation in the late post-transplant period (mean time since transplantation, 41 months) BTK inhibitor may increase PTH levels, potentially worsening hyperparathyroidism.5 In the absence of additional studies it is not possible to determine whether or not increased dietary phosphate intake may have a role in prevention or treatment of hypophosphataemia. Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative: No recommendation. UK Renal Association: No recommendation. Canadian Society of Nephrology: No recommendation. European Best Practice Guidelines: No recommendation. International Temsirolimus Guidelines: No recommendation. No recommendations. 1 Prospective, controlled studies are required to answer whether or not particular increased dietary phosphate intake is effective in preventing or treating hypophosphataemia in adult kidney transplant recipients. Steven Chadban, Maria Chan, Karen

Fry, Aditi Patwardhan, Catherine Ryan, Paul Trevillian, Fidye Westgarth Erastin have no relevant financial affiliations that would cause a conflict of interest according to the conflict of interest statement set down by CARI. These guidelines were developed under a project funded by the Greater Metropolitan Clinical Taskforce, New South Wales. “
“Aim:  This study was performed to address the bone injury and the early molecular responses of bone to obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral

obstruction in mice. Methods:  The male mice were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO, n = 10) or sham operation (n = 10). All mice were killed on day 7 after the surgical operation. Hematoxylin and eosin and tartate-resistant acid phosphatase staining were performed on paraffin-embedded bone sections. Expression of genes and proteins was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining, respectively. Results:  The serum calcium level was significantly reduced in UUO mice compared with that of Sham mice. The proximal tibia of UUO mice exhibited the increased expansion of chondrocytes zone, the reduction of osteoid content, and the increased separation and disconnection of woven bones. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction results showed the downregulation of Cbfa1 and Col mRNA expression and the upregulation of Tgf-β, CtsK, CaII, Opg and Rankl mRNA expression in tibia of UUO mice compared to those of Sham mice.