Results The present study was completed at the ED of the Numune Training and Research Hospital during summer months of 2013. A total of 162 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were enrolled. Group 1 and 2 included 148 and 14 patients, respectively. Demographic and clinical data Ninety-six (59.3%) patients were male and 66 (40.7%) were female. Demographic and clinical findings selleck inhibitor are showed in Table 2.

Table 2 Demographic characteristics of the patients   Group 1 Group 2 p Age (average, years) 49.18 ± 20.5 42.93 ± 22.1 p > 0.05* Gender (n)        Male 84 12 p < 0.05**  Female 64 2 Trauma mechanism (n)        Motor vehicle accident 32 1 p > 0.05**  Pedestrian 9 1  Falling 61 7  Violent assaults 46 5 Accompanying trauma 9 3 p < 0.05** Bnp levels (median, IQR) (pg/ml) 14.5 (33) 13 (139) p > 0.05* *Mann-Witney U test, ** χ2 test. The most common symptoms were headache (87%), vomiting (13%), amnesia (3.7%), unconsciousness (5%), and somnolence (3%). The most common signs on physical examination were scalp laceration (44.4%), scalp hematoma (38.8%), and raccoon eye (0.6%). Findings of head CT are given on Table 3. One hundred and thirty-four (82.7%) patients were www.selleckchem.com/products/SB-431542.html discharged from the hospital and LY3023414 ic50 28 (17.3%) were hospitalized. Table 3 Cranial CT findings of the patients Finding Number (n) Percentage (%) GCS (n) (14/15) Normal

146 90.1 8/138 Linear fracture 1 0.6 0/1 Cerebral edema 1 0.6 0/1 Subarachnoid hemorrhage 4 2.5 0/4 Compression fracture 2 1.2 0/2 Parenchymal

haemorrhage 1 0.6 0/1 Contusio cerebri 2 1.2 0/2 BNP Median serum BNP level was 14.5 (33) pg/ml in Group 1 and 13 (139) pg/ml in Group 2. There was no not significantly different with respect to median BNP levels between two groups (p > 0.05). Median BNP level was 10 (21) pg/ml in males and 28.50 (56) pg/ml in females. There was a significant difference between both genders with regard to median BNP levels (Z = −4.29, p < 0.05). The patients were divided in to 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of patients with admitted to our department within 0–12 hours after events whereas group 2 consisted of patients with admitted to our department within 13–24 hours after events. There was a no significant difference Edoxaban between both two groups with regard to median BNP levels (Z = −1.52, p > 0.05). There was no correlation between serum BNP levels and elapsed time after the event (r = 0.125, p > 0.05). Serum BNP levels according to trauma severity are given on Table 4. There was no correlation between serum BNP levels and trauma severity (r = −0.037, p > 0.05). Table 4 BNP levels by various trauma mechanism and trauma severity Trauma mechanism BNP (pg/ml) p value Motor vehicle accident 15 (25) p > 0.05* Pedestrian 10 (53) Falling 22.5(56) Violent assaults 11(22) Glasgow coma score     14 (n = 8) 10.5(27) p > 0.05** 15 (n = 154) 14.5(34) *Kruskall-Wallis test, **Mann–Whitney U test. Our patients in group 2 were hospitalized in neurosurgery service.