Rujeni and colleagues [26] found a negative correlation

between IgE anti-Der p1 and the intensity of S. mansoni infection in high transmissions areas. The authors also did not observed relationship between these two variables in low transmission areas. In our study, the anti-Der p1 IgE levels ratio analysis after and before treatment demonstrated that co-infected individuals had higher levels of anti-Der p1 IgE after treatment than the other groups of infected individuals evaluated. Although the increased anti-Der p1 IgE index of co-infected/cured individuals was observed, we did not observe a relationship between the intensity of infection and anti-Der p1 IgE. This event might be explained Alisertib in vivo by the presence of different worms’ antigens released after treatment of co-infected individuals which exacerbated the IgE productions, probably by stimulating IL-4 production [ 27]. It is important to underscore that data interpretation

should be taken with caution, considering some particularities of experimental design and data collection approaches used in our study. In fact, the population 1 measurements were performed 2 years after treatment whereas the population 2 was assessed 3 years after treatment. Moreover, the post-treatment samples were taken years rather than weeks after treatment and therefore PDGFR inhibitor the infection level does not reflect efficacy of treatment but rather rates of re-infection in two areas with different rates of transmission. In addition, Farnesyltransferase the questionnaires were administered 7 years and 2 years after the beginning of the study in populations 1 and 2, respectively. The determination of whether helminth infections confer protection or are a risk factor to allergic disorders

and the effect of anthelmintic treatment on allergic responses is still debatable. Although we could not find an association between helminth intensity of infection and allergy related risk factors it was demonstrated that effective chemotherapy of subjects from endemic areas with high prevalence of infection enhances the levels of anti-Der p1 IgE, and that is a risk factor to development of allergic disorders. This study was supported by Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), and by Fundação Oswaldo Cruz/Centro de Pesquisa René Rachou (FIOCRUZ/CPqRR). ATC, OAMF, AG, RCO are grateful for CNPq research fellowship (PQ). We would like to thank the Doctoral students Kellen Rosa and the other students from Faculdade de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil who helped to collect samples and also the Departamento de Parasitologia from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil for stool analysis.