Seven compounds expected to have no effect on neuronal function were tested as “”negatives”" find more (glyphosate, acetaminophen, salicylic acid, paraquat, saccharin, D-sorbitol and amoxicillin). Following collection of 33 min of baseline activity, chemical effects (50 mu M or highest soluble concentration) were recorded for 33 min. Twenty of the positives altered the mean network spike rate by more than the 14% threshold (two standard deviations from the mean for DMSO control). The three positives without effect were bifenthrin, nicotine and imidacloprid. None of the negative compounds caused a change in activity beyond the

threshold. Based on these results, the mwMEA assay has both high sensitivity (87% identification of positive compounds)

and specificity (100% identification of negative compounds). These experiments demonstrate the capacity of mwMEAs to screen compounds for neurotoxic effects mediated by a broad variety of mechanisms. Published by Elsevier Inc.”
“Objective: Small numbers of patients have advanced renal and mesenteric vascular disease requiring treatment. Open surgical treatment has been considered high risk, and the advent of endovascular intervention has affected Thiazovivin in vivo management. This study evaluated the safety and long-term efficacy of concomitant mesenteric and renal revascularization with open techniques.

Methods: Data from 90 consecutive patients who underwent mesenteric and renal revascularization during a 30-year period were

analyzed. Early and late outcomes were evaluated over two intervals: 48 in period A (1978 to 1995), concomitant open renal and mesenteric revascularization (COR; n = 46) and sequential open renal and mesenteric revascularization (SOR; n = 2); 42 in period B (1996 to 2009), 22 COR, 4 SOR, 13 sequential hybrid open/endovascular repairs (SOER), and 3 sequential endovascular repairs (SER).

Results: There were 26 men and 64 women (median ACY-738 age, 67 years). Renal insufficiency was present in 24% and coronary artery disease (CAD) in 53%. Open surgical reconstruction was performed in 126 renal and 149 mesenteric arteries, with angioplasty/stenting in 15 and 8, respectively; 58 patients had concomitant aortic reconstruction (AR), and 9 had prior AR (8 in period A, 1 in period B). Hospital mortality was 8.8% overall; seven (14.5%) in period A and one (2.3%) in period B. Causes of early death were hemorrhage in three and multisystem organ failure in five. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years (range, 6 days-26.5 years), 11 patients progressed to hemodialysis (7 COR, 4 SOER), and 6 had recurrent mesenteric ischemia (4 COR, 1 SOER, 1 SER). Eight patients in period A and seven in period B required further procedures (9 renal, 9 mesenteric; 11 COR, 2 SOER, 1 SOR, 1 SER).