The ZAL contains about 3.1% (w/w) nitrogen which is in AZD4547 chemical structure agreement with the presence of a strong, sharp band at 1,378 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum that corresponds to the nitrate group in ZAL. The percentage of 3,4-D intercalated into the interlayer of ZAL is 53.5% (w/w), estimated from the carbon content of about 23.2% (w/w), indicating that intercalation of 3,4-D has actually taken place. Table 1 Basal spacing and chemical composition of Zn/Al-LDH (LDH) and its nanohybrid (N3,4-D) Sample d (Å) Zn/Al ratio Mole fraction (x Al) N (%) C (%) Aniona (% w/ w )

BET surface area (m2 g−1) BJH desorption pore volume (cm3 g−1) BET average pore diameter (Å) LDH 8.9 3.64 0.210 3.1 – - 1.3 0.024 127 N3,4-D 18.7 3.70 0.233 – 23.24 53.5 3.0 1.240 66.67 click here aEstimated from CHNS analysis. The surface area and porosity of ZAL and N3,4-D obtained by the nitrogen adsorption-desorption method are given in Table 1. The successful intercalation has increased the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area from 1.3 m2 g−1 in ZAL to 3.0 m2 g−1 in N3,4-D. The change in pore texture with larger width, as a result of the modification by the intercalation of 3,4-D into the ZAL

interlayer, which is in agreement with the expansion of basal spacing from the resulting nanohybrid (Figure 1) is thought to be the reason. Surface properties The nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (Figure 4) for ZAL and N3,4-D show Type IV material

in the IUPAC classification, indicating a mesopore type of material. The adsorption branch of the hysteresis loop for the N3,4-D is wider than the selleck compound one for LDH, indicating selleck kinase inhibitor a different pore texture. This can be related to the expansion of basal spacing when nitrate is replaced by 3,4-D during the formation of the nanocomposite. Figure 4 Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms of ZAL and their nanohybrids (N3,4-D) (a) and pore size distribution (b). Figure 4b shows the Barret-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) desorption pore size distribution for 3,4-D and its nanohybrid (N3,4-D). The summary of pore volume and pore diameter is given in Table 1. A sharp peak at 200.5 Å and a low-intensity sharp peak at 600.9 Å can be observed. On the other hand, LDH also showed a sharp peak at around 400 Å, and the pore size of LDH is lower compared to that of N3,4-D (Table 1). This may have resulted from the formation of interstitial pores between the crystallite, different particle sizes, morphology, and aggregation during the formation of the nanohybrid. The surface morphology of N3,4-D (Figure 5b) shows an agglomerate, porous, granular structure of N3,4-D compared to the nonporous morphology of ZAL (Figure 5a). Figure 5 Surface morphology of (a) ZAL and N3,4-D (b). Thermal analysis The TGA-DTG profiles of ZAL, pure 3,4-D, and N3,4-D nanocomposites are shown in Figure 6. The TGA-DTG curves of N3,4-D reveal four weight losses occurring at 116.9°C, 219.