To develop okara cookie using fresh okara, cookies were baked using only okara (0) or okara with additives: starch (OS), soy flour (OF) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (OH). OH dough had the highest water ML323 holding capacity value at 147.8%,

followed by OF (88.6%), OS (77.6%) and O (46.5%) dough. OH dough was also the most elastic dough with no cutting when it was extended. The sensory panel scored the additive-added cookies 1.5 (OS) to 2.8 (OF and OH) times higher than O cookie with regard to hardness, crispiness and chewiness. During the 7-day storage, OF and OH cookies had a lower water activity (0.50-0.69) compared to the O cookie (0.82-0.87); however, OS cookie had a similar water activity (0.78-0.85) to the O cookie. The OF and OH cookies had higher hardness value than OS and O cookies during storage. Based on the results, the additives held the water content of fresh okara during the production of okara cookies; further, the additives allow the formulation of healthier snack foods. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Although personality has been well studied in a wide range of species, relatively few studies have assessed if behavior in standardized captive tests is predictive of behavior in the wild. selleck chemicals We captured wild zebra finches around 2 breeding colonies and assayed their exploratory behavior

with a novel environment test. The birds’ foraging behavior in the wild was also measured with the use of a passive integrated transponder tag system INCB28060 inhibitor to monitor their use of feeders that were periodically moved around the colonies to assess exploratory behavior and sociality. During the same period, individuals’ reproductive success was monitored at the nest-boxes being used in this area. We found that our measures of sociality, wild, and captive exploration were repeatable, but contrary to our predictions, exploration in the novel environment test was not significantly correlated with exploration of feeders in the wild. We failed to find a predicted negative relationship between exploration and sociality, instead finding a significant positive correlation between exploration in the novel

environment and sociality. Finally, we found little evidence that any of our measured personality traits influenced reproductive success at the colony, either individually or when the interactions between the personalities of both members of the pair were taken into account. The only exception was that highly exploratory males (assayed with wild feeder behavior) were more likely to make breeding attempts than less exploratory males. Our results suggest that researchers should use caution when using tests such as the classic novel environment test to make inferences about personality in wild populations.”
“The hypoxia-inducible factors HIF-1 and HIF-2 are primarily regulated via stabilization of their respective alpha-subunits under hypoxic conditions.