There was no significant reduction in exercising heart rate from pre-test to post-test across all participants. Figure DAPT secretase Notch 1 Percent Body Fat in Participants with Intellectual Disability at Pre and Post Tests Figure 2 Body Mass Index in Participants with Intellectual Disability at Pre and Post Tests Table 3 Heart Rate Values during Aquatic Exercise Discussion Researchers used DXA to measure the impact of a 13-week aquatic exercise and nutrition intervention on adults with ID from group homes. Although body fat levels were maintained, the study��s hypothesis remained unsupported as no statistically significant changes in percent body fat or BMI were found. The majority of participants did exercise at moderate intensity levels for sufficient periods during the exercise training program.

This particular study became the first to assess the effects of a combined intervention on a sample including women with ID as well as adults over thirty from group homes. The small heterogeneous sample reflects the size and great variability that may be found in a variety of community settings featuring adults with ID including group homes. Results concurred with findings from exercise alone interventions, which have also been unable to significantly reduce percent body fat among individuals with ID according to various methods of measurement (Pitetti and Tan, 1991; Pommering et al., 1994; Ozmen et al., 2007). Participants did, however, maintain pretest levels of body fat and did not experience a significant increase in body fat as had been the case in certain exercise only studies (Casey et al.

, 2010). Indeed, one might argue that there was a clinical if not statistically significant change in body fat level amongst participants. However, findings once again throw into question the potential for exercise to facilitate a reduction in percent body fat in this population as the anticipated changes based on the Macedonio equation (1984) did not take place. Although the intervention did not facilitate a statistically significant reduction in body fat, adults with ID demonstrated the capacity to partake in moderate physical activity when given the opportunity (Draheim et al., 2002). The majority of participants�� heart rates remained within target intensity ranges (60�C80% of their theoretical maximum heart rates) for a minimum of 15mins, three times per week during aquatic exercise training sessions.

The duration of time spent within the target heart rate zone increased as the intervention progressed. One participant with ID was not compliant with the heart rate protocol and declined to wear his monitor and two more maintained consistently lower heart Cilengitide rates 40�C70%. The latter results may have been expected as both had type-two diabetes (>35yrs) (Hornsby and Briggs, 2007) and one also had Down syndrome (Pitetti and Fernhall, 2001). This highlights the additional challenges involved in implementing exercise training programs for adults with ID.