We hypothesized that correcting the self-reported estimated walking capacity by a coefficient issued from the self-reported estimation of usual walking speed would learn more significantly improve the correlation between questionnaire-estimated and treadmill-measured walking capacity.
Methods: Three hundred ten consecutive patients complaining of vascular-type claudication were asked to estimate their
usual walking speed in comparison to people of their age (or friends or relatives) with ratings ranging from much slower (1 pt) to much faster (5 pts), in addition to the filling out of the walking impairment questionnaire (WIQ) and the estimated ambulatory capacity by history questionnaire (EACH-Q). Corrected WIQ (WIQc) and corrected EACH-Q (EACH-Qc) scores were obtained by multiplying the scores of each questionnaire by the “”usual-speed”" coefficient and dividing by 5. Results for questionnaire scores were compared to maximal walking time (MWT) on a treadmill.
Results: All but four patients self-completed the usual-speed question. Median scores (25-75 centiles) were 41% (26-59) for the WIQ and 24% (11-41) for the EACH-Q. Coefficients of correlation
of the three WIQ subscales and of the EACH-Q with treadmill results were significantly improved after correction by the “”usual-speed”" question. Overall, WIQ (mean of the three WIQ subscales) tended to MRT67307 solubility dmso improve but did not reach significance.
Conclusion: Correcting the self-reported estimation of walking capacity by a self-reported estimation of usual walking pace significantly improves the correlation of all WIQ subscale scores and of the EACH-Q score with treadmill measurements of capacity. This confirms the interest of speed estimation in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease and claudication. (J Vase Surg
2011;54:1360-5.)”
“Bovine beta-lactoglobulin (BLG) has been widely used as a model system to study protein folding and aggregation and for biotechnology applications. Native BLG contains two disulfide bonds and one free cysteine at position 121. This free thiol group has been shown to be responsible for the irreversibility of BLG denaturation in vitro, but nothing is known about its relevance during protein folding inside the cell. Here, we LY3023414 order report the expression of soluble wild type recombinant BGL in Escherichia coli cells at about 109 mg rBLG/g wet weight cells and a comparison between the aggregation of wt BLG and its variant C121S upon intracellular expression. We show that in E. call C121SBLG is more prone to aggregation than the wild type protein and that their different behavior depends on the oxidation of disulfide bonds. Our results underline the key contribution of the unpaired cysteine residue during the oxidative folding pathway and indicate BLG as a useful tool for the study of protein aggregation in vivo. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.