Awareness of risk factors was no greater in respondents identified as having chronic kidney disease (CKD). A third of respondents with CKD recalled having undergone a test of kidney function within the

previous 2 years, while another third replied they had never had their kidney function tested. Of participants with previously diagnosed diabetes or treated hypertension, 54.1% and 32.0%, respectively, reported having their kidney function tested within the previous 2 years.\n\nConclusions: Knowledge VS-4718 of risk factors for kidney disease and recall of kidney function testing were both limited, even among subgroups of the cohort who were at greatest risk of CKD. Prevention efforts may benefit from public and patient education to improve recognition of risk factors for CKD.”
“Therapeutic management in pregnant patients with heart failure still remains a challenge, even though in most pregnant women with cardiac diseases an outcome is good. A 32-year-old woman, 17 weeks pregnant, was admitted to hospital with heart failure

(HF) NYHA class III/IV. Echocardiography revealed enlarged LV, LVEF 13%, significant mitral insufficiency and pulmonary hypertension. The patient wished to continue find more the pregnancy. In a life-threatening condition, metoprolol, enalapril, spironolactone (for 5 days), furosemide, and digitalis were administered. Enalapril was continued for 42 days. Then the patient was switched to a dihydralazine and isosorbide mononitrate regimen. The fetus was controlled ultrasonographically. In the 19th week of pregnancy, the patient’s condition improved (NYHA class II, LVEF 23%). The patient experienced 2 more episodes of HF exacerbation. In the 26th week of pregnancy, in a primary prevention

of sudden cardiac death and because of 2nd-degree AV block, an ICD was implanted. In the 32nd week of pregnancy a cesarean section was performed. A male infant was delivered. The patient made a good recovery and was discharged on the 7th postoperative day. The newborn was BYL719 discharged after 4 weeks, in good general condition. At 1-year follow-up the patient presented NYHA class II.”
“Background: Loss of medullary sympathoexcitatory neurons may contribute to baroreflex failure, leading to orthostatic hypotension in multiple-system atrophy (MSA). The cardiovascular responses to chemoreflex activation in MSA have not been explored to date.\n\nObjectives: To determine whether ventilatory and cardiovascular responses to hypercapnia and hypoxia during wakefulness are systematically impaired in MSA.\n\nDesign: Case-control study.\n\nSetting: Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.\n\nPatients: Sixteen patients with probable MSA (cases) and 14 age-matched control subjects (controls).

Here, we use optical and confocal Raman microscopy to show that salts and proteins are present ubiquitously throughout the droplet. The distribution of adhesive proteins in the peripheral region explains the superior prey capture performance of orb webs as it enables the entire surface area of the glue droplet to act as a site for prey capture. The presence of salts

throughout the droplet explains the recent Solid-State NMR results that show selleck screening library salts directly facilitate protein mobility. Understanding the function of individual glue components and the role of the droplet’s macro-structure can help in designing better synthetic adhesives for humid environments.”
“Human neuroserpin (hNS) is a protein serine protease inhibitor expressed mainly in the nervous system, where it plays key roles in neural development and plasticity by primarily targeting tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Four hNS mutations are associated to a form of autosomal dominant dementia, known as familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies. The medical interest in and the lack of structural selleck information on hNS prompted us to study the crystal structure of native and cleaved hNS, reported here at 3.15 and 1.85 angstrom resolution, respectively. In the light of the three-dimensional structures, we focus on the hNS reactive centre loop in its intact and cleaved conformations relative to the current

serpin polymerization models and discuss the protein sites hosting neurodegenerative mutations. On the basis of homologous serpin structures, we suggest the location of a protein surface site that may stabilize the hNS native (metastable) form.

In parallel, we present the results of kinetic studies on hNS inhibition of tPA. Our data analysis stresses the instability of the hNS-tPA complex with a dissociation half-life of minutes compared to a half-life of weeks observed for other serpin-cognate protease complexes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Here we present for the first time a three-dimensional cryo-EM map of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae respiratory supercomplex composed of dimeric complex III flanked on each side by one monomeric complex IV. A precise fit of the existing atomic x-ray structures of complex III from yeast and complex IV from bovine heart into the cryo-EM map resulted in a pseudo-atomic model of the three-dimensional P005091 structure for the supercomplex. The distance between cytochrome c binding sites of complexes III and IV is about 6 nm, which supports proposed channeling of cytochrome c between the individual complexes. The opposing surfaces of complexes III and IV differ considerably from those reported for the bovine heart supercomplex as determined by cryo-EM. A closer association between the individual complex domains at the aqueous membrane interface and larger spaces between the membrane-embedded domains where lipid molecules may reside are also demonstrated.

The apparent binding constant K(A) between IMI and HSA at three differences were obtained to be 1.51 x 10(4), 1.58 x 10(4), and 2.19 x 10(4) L mol(-1), respectively.

The thermodynamic parameters, Delta H degrees and Delta S degrees were estimated to be 28.44 kJ mol(-1), 174.76 J mol(-1) K(-1) according to the van’t Hoff equation. Hydrophobic interactions played a major role in stabilizing the complex. The distance r between donor (HSA) and acceptor (IMI) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. The effect of IMI on the conformation of HSA was analyzed using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy Rabusertib mouse CD and three-dimensional fluorescence spectra, the environment around Trp and Tyr residues were altered. find more (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The importance of bacterial, phytoplankton and dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) in the northern Adriatic was investigated during 2006. In surface waters total APA increased from early spring (0.07-0.08 mu mol l(-1) h(-1)) to late spring (up to 4.64 mu mol l(-1) h(-1)) and remained relatively high during the summer (0.46-0.71 mu mol l(-1) h(-1)), due to an increase in specific phytoplankton (up

to 30 nmol mu g C(-1) h(-1)) and bacterial APA (up to 17.11 nmol mu g C(-1) h(-1)). Activity of free enzymes was not important. During late spring and summer both communities exploited dissolved organic phosphorus although, taking into account biomass,

this website phytoplankton activity Usually dominated over bacterial activity. In autumn an extra P supply from deeper waters drastically reduced phytoplankton APA, though not bacterial APA, in upper waters. Probably in these months bacteria that were degrading phytoplankton produced organic matter were P limited. In deeper waters APA was low and mainly due to the activity of free enzymes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) proteins in plants are basically related with water deficiency. Recent studies showed that LEA proteins might be molecular chaperones regulating many physiological functions. In this study, LEA proteins were analyzed in model grass Brachypodium distachyon L. The data represented here may help to further analyze the FA genes in model grass Brachypodium in order to understand their functions especially under conditions of water deficiency and/or other physiological mechanisms. By using the Pfam database, proteins containing at least one LEA conserved repeat (LEA2, LEA3, LEA4, LEAS, and LEA6) were classified as LEA family members. According to these results, 36 LEA proteins were identified in B. distachyon. LEA2 repeat was found as the dominant protein among 28 members followed by LEA3 (5 members). Physicochemical analysis showed that pI values and GRAVY index ranged from 4.40 to 11.1 and 0.48 to -1.

“
“The treatment of upper urinary tract stone with flexible ureteroscopy is safe and efficient. According to the size and the localization of stone, it is the first-line treatment. The patient must be informed about modalities and risks of this treatment. Urines must be sterile. The fragmentation of stone is made with the energy of Laser Holmium. The knowledge of material and technique allows to obtain a complete treatment in about 80% of cases. (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.”
“Isoniazid (INH) is a key drug ingredient in the fixed dose combination for the treatment of tuberculosis (TB). INH is highly soluble in aqueous medium and also stable in pure form,

but it undergoes degradation when it is part of the FDC due to cross reactions. In continuation of our studies to this website DMH1 molecular weight improve the physiochemical properties of INH, we performed a cocrystal screen with pharmaceutically acceptable molecules

selected from the generally regarded as safe (GRAS). Cocrystals with acidic conformers, such as vanillic acid (VLA), ferulic acid (FRA), caffeic acid (CFA), as well as with hydroxyl coformer resorcinol (RES), are reported. INHVLA and INHFRA are dimorphic, and INHCFA is trimorphic. Form-1 of INHFRA and INHVLA are two-dimensional isostructural. All cocrystal structures are sustained by the expected acidpyridine synthon, except the isostructural cocrystals which have the hydroxylpyridine synthon. The cocrystal forms were tested in accelerated ICH conditions of 40 degrees C and 75% RH for stability, and it was found that all the solid forms are stable for a test period of six months, except the INHRES cocrystal. Slurry conditions and grinding experiments suggest that Form-2 of INHFRA and INHVLA have good stability, and Form-1 of INHCFA is the most stable crystalline form of INH.”
“Objective:

To assess the quality of informed consent for patients undergoing invasive procedures and to reveal patient preferences for being informed about the potential risks of treatment and alternatives to treatment. Design: This studywas planned as a pilot learn more study. Hospitalized patients’ perceptions and expectations about the informed-consent process were explored in a general surgery department. The prepared questionnaire was completed by patients via interview. Setting: Inpatient services of the general surgery department of a large academic hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Participants: The study population consisted of hospitalized patients in a general surgery department who underwent invasive procedures in March 2013. Main outcome measures: Recognition of consent forms by the patients, rate of patients’ recall of risks, rate of patients who were willing to be involved in decision making, and rate of patients who were satisfied with the whole decision-making process were measured. Results: All patients signed consent forms.

\n\nCONCLUSION: Mating disruption has been found to be an efficient technique to control this pest, working equally well to a correctly sprayed oil treatment. Further studies are needed to improve the determination of the time of dispenser application and evaluate the effects of the pheromone on natural enemies. (C) 2010 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Odontogenic

cysts originate from remnants of the tooth forming epithelium in the jaws and gingiva. There are various kinds of such cysts with different biological behaviours that carry different patient risks and require different GSK1120212 in vitro treatment plans. Types of odontogenic cysts can be distinguished by the properties of their epithelial layers in H&E stained samples. Herein we detail a set of image features for automatically distinguishing between four types of odontogenic cyst in digital micrographs and evaluate

their effectiveness using two statistical classifiers a support vector machine (SVM) and bagging with logistic regression as the base learner (BLR). Cyst type was correctly predicted from among four classes of odontogenic cysts between 83.8% and 92.3% of the time with an SVM and find more between 90 +/- 0.92% and 95.4 +/- 1.94% with a BLR. One particular cyst type was associated with the majority of misclassifications. Omission of this cyst type from the data set improved the classification rate for the remaining three cyst types to 96.2% for both SVM and BLR. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“This article discusses risk factors, incidence trends, and prognostic considerations for head and neck cancer (HNC). The primary causes of HNC are tobacco and alcohol use, and human papillomavirus (HPV). Tobacco-related HNC incidence rates are decreasing in countries where tobacco use has declined. HPV-HNC, which occurs primarily in the oropharynx and is associated with sexual behaviors, has been increasing over the past several decades, among white men in particular. The prognosis for HNC overall has improved slightly since the 1990s, and is influenced by site, stage, and HPV status. Prognosis for HPV-HNC Elafibranor mw is significantly

better than for HPV-negative disease.”
“Introduction: The ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI), derived from ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) recordings, has been proposed as a surrogate marker of arterial stiffness. However, there is controversy to what extent it reflects stiffness or is affected by other parameters. Using a previously validated one-dimensional computer model of the arterial circulation, the relative importance of the different determinants of the AASI was explored.\n\nMethods: Arterial distensibility (inverse of stiffness), peripheral resistance, heart rate, maximal cardiac elastance and venous filling pressure were varied from 80 to 120% of their initial value in steps of 10% to generate 3125 BP values, mimicking the daily fluctuations in one theoretical patient.

UROLOGY 81: 17-24, 2013. (c) 2013 Elsevier Inc.”
“Background. Photodermatoses are characterized by an abnormal cutaneous response to ‘ordinary’ light exposure.\n\nAim. To study the spectrum of photodermatoses in populations with dark skin (skin types IV-VI) at a tertiary referral centre.\n\nMethods. Consecutive patients with skin lesions confined to or predominantly located on photoexposed parts of the body and/or with photosensitivity were enrolled in the study, and their

clinical details were recorded. Diagnosis was made on clinical grounds, and relevant investigations were carried out if required. GSK621 research buy Patch and photopatch testing were carried out in patients with chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD). Selected patients with CAD also underwent phototesting with UV (ultraviolet) A and broadband UVB light.\n\nResults. We enrolled 362 patients (146 men, 216 women; mean age 35.6 +/- 13.6 years), with mean disease duration of 3.4 years. The Fitzpatrick skin types were

IV and V (52.8% and 47.2% of patients, respectively). Polymorphic light eruption (PMLE) was the commonest photodermatosis seen, affecting 59.7% of patients, followed by CAD (13.8%), collagen vascular disorders (7.7%), photoaggravated atopic dermatitis (6.1%), actinic lichen planus (ALP; 2.2%) and lichen planus pigmentosus (LPP; 1.6%). The majority (84.5%) of patients were involved in indoor work. Papular PMLE (37%) was the most common variant of PMLE, followed by pinpoint (31%), eczematous (22.2%), lichenoid (5.5%) and plaque-type (4.1%) PMLE.\n\nConclusions. www.selleckchem.com/products/jph203.html The spectrum of photodermatoses in Indian patients with dark skin phototypes (IV and V), is similar to that reported from other parts of the world. PMLE was the commonest

photodermatosis seen, with the pinpoint and lichenoid variants accounting for over one-third of the PMLE cases. ALP and LPP were also not uncommon in our dark-skinned population.”
“We report a 60-year-old woman who presented with orbital Crenolanib molecular weight cellulitis, restricted ocular motility, proptosis, and visual acuity of counting fingers in her left eye 3 days after strabismus surgery. Although she initially responded well to antibiotic and anti-inflammatory therapy, visual acuity in the left eye again decreased on postoperative day 5. Radiographic imaging revealed an intraconal orbital abscess, and she underwent left lateral orbitotomy with abscess drainage, with continued antibiotics and a tapering dose of steroids. To our knowledge, this is the first case of orbital cellulitis and intraconal abscess after strabismus surgery in an adult.”
“The influence of the total joint components’ elastic deformation on lubrication is generally accepted, but little is known about the influence of joint conformity under hydrodynamic lubrication based on fluid film interposition.

Above 30 weeks of gestation, single use of the LBC seems sufficient.”
“Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify preoperative and intraoperative factors that predict patient-oriented outcome as measured by the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Methods: We identified 402 subjects who had undergone primary single-bundle arthroscopic ACL reconstruction at a mean follow-up of 6.3 years (range, 2 to 15 years). The IKDC Subjective Knee Form was used to measure

patient-reported outcome and was dichotornized as above or below the patient-specific age- this website and gender-matched Population mean. Potential predictor variables included subject demographics, activity level before surgery, previous

meniscectomy, and surgical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the best subset of predictors for determining the likelihood that the IKDC score was better than the age- and gender-matched population mean. Results: The dichotomized IKDC score was associated with body mass index (BMI), smoking status, education, previous medial meniscectomy, and medial chondrosis at the time of ACL reconstruction. The multivariate model containing only factors 2 known before surgery included BMI and smoking status. Subjects with a BMI greater than 30 kg/m(2) had 0.35 click here times the odds of success as subjects with a normal BMI. Subjects who smoked had 0.36 times the odds of success as subjects who did not smoke. A model including medial chondrosis at the time of surgery had a slightly higher discriminatory power (area under the receiver operating characteristic

curve, 0.65 v 0.61) and negative predictive value (71.4% v 60.0%) but similar positive predictive power (86.3% v 85.9%). Conclusions: Lower patient-reported outcome after ACL reconstruction was strongly associated with obesity, smoking, and severe chondrosis at the time of surgery.”
“Objectives/HypothesisThe check details etiopathology of bone resorption in cholesteatoma is unclear. We studied pH in middle ear cholesteatoma tissue and the permeability of the cholesteatoma epithelium in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of bone resorption in this disease. Study DesignLaboratorial study. MethodsCholesteatoma tissue was collected from patients with primary acquired middle ear cholesteatoma. The pH of the keratin debris of cholesteatoma was measured using a pH meter. The cholesteatoma epithelium was examined under a confocal laser scanning microscope, and under a transmission electron microscope. Expression of filaggrin in the cholesteatoma tissue was explored by fluorescence immunohistochemistry and by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. ResultsThe pH of the keratin debris of cholesteatoma was acidic. The pH of the basal layer of the cholesteatoma epithelium was significantly lower than that of the antrum mucosa.

77; 95% CI -2.67 to 1.13). No significant difference in pain score was noted at the time of injection of study solution to the anterior

lip of the cervix (mean difference -0.6; 95% CI -1.3 to 0.1), placement of the device in the tubal ostia (mean difference -0.60; 95% CI -1.8 to 0.7), and postprocedure pain (mean difference 0.2; 95% CI -0.8 to 1.2). Procedure time (mean difference -0.2 minutes; 95% CI -2.2 to 1.8 minutes) and successful bilateral placement (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.19 to 5.28) was not significantly different between groups. During certain portions of the procedure, such as placement of the tenaculum Navitoclax does (mean difference -2.03; 95% CI -2.88 to -1.18), administration of the paracervical block (mean difference -1.92; 95% CI -2.84 to -1.00), and passage of the hysteroscope through the external (mean difference -2.31; 95% CI -3.30 to -1.32) and internal os (mean difference -2.31; 95% CI -3.39 to -1.23), use of paracervical block with lidocaine resulted in lower pain scores.\n\nUsing a 600-point Selleck AZD0530 scale calculated by adding 100-point VAS scores from six different portions of the procedure, no significant difference emerged in overall pain between women who received intravenous conscious sedation

versus oral analgesia (mean difference -23.00; CI -62.02 to 16.02). Using a 100-point VAS, no significant difference emerged at the time of speculum insertion (mean difference 4.0;

95% CI -4.0 to INCB028050 cost 12.0), cervical injection of lidocaine (mean difference -1.8; 95% CI -10.0 to 6.4), insertion of the hysteroscope (mean difference -8.7; 95% CI -19.7 to 2.3), placement of the first device (mean difference -4.4; 95% CI -15.8 to 7.0), and removal of the hysteroscope (mean difference 0.9; 95% CI -3.9 to 5.7). Procedure time (mean difference -0.2 minutes; 95% CI -2.0 to 1.6 minutes) and time in the recovery area (mean difference 3.6 minutes; 95% CI -11.3 to 18.5 minutes) was not different between groups. However, women who received intravenous conscious sedation had lower pain scores at the time of insertion of the second tubal device compared to women who received oral analgesia (mean difference -12.60; CI -23.98 to -1.22).\n\nAuthors’ conclusions\n\nThe available literature is insufficient to determine the appropriate analgesia or anesthesia for sterilization by hysteroscopy. Compared to paracervical block with normal saline, paracervical block with lidocaine reduced pain during some portions of the procedure. Intravenous sedation resulted in lower pain scores during insertion of the second tubal device. However, neither paracervical block with lidocaine nor conscious sedation significantly reduced overall pain scores for sterilization by hysteroscopy.”
“Background: The increasing trend of antibiotic resistance requires effective second-line Helicobacter pylori (H.

We found 228 infections in 167 patients from 2002 to 2009. Higher rates were seen in men who have sex with men and intravenous drug users, patients with lower CD4 cell counts, patients not on antiretrovirals and younger patients. The annual incidence peaked in 2007 and has decreased since.”
“The identification of asymptomatic individuals

at risk for near-term atherothrombotic events to ensure optimal preventive treatment remains a challenging goal. In the BioImage Study, novel approaches are tested in a typical health-plan population. Based on certain demographic and risk characteristics on file with Humana Inc, a total of 7,687 men 55 to 80 years of age and women 60 to 80 years of age without evidence of atherothrombotic disease but presumed to be at risk for near-term atherothrombotic AR-13324 events were enrolled between January 2008 and June 2009. Those who met the prespecified eligibility criteria were randomized to a telephonic health survey only (survey only: n = 865), standard risk assessment (Framingham only: n = 718), or comprehensive risk assessment in a dedicated mobile facility equipped with advanced imaging tools (n = 6,104). Baseline examination included assessment of cardiovascular risk factors and screening for

subclinical (asymptomatic) atherosclerosis with quantification of coronary artery calcification by computed tomography (CT), measurement of intima-media thickness, presence of small molecule library screening carotid atherosclerotic plaques and abdominal aortic aneurysm by ultrasound, and ankle brachial index. Participants LDN-193189 cost with one or more abnormal screening test results underwent advanced imaging with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance

imaging for carotid and aortic plaques, contrast-enhanced coronary CT angiography for luminal stenosis and noncalcified plaques, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/CT for carotid and aortic plaque inflammation. Plasma, PAXgene RNA, and DNA samples were obtained, frozen, and stored for future biomarker discovery studies. All individuals will be followed until 600 major atherothrombotic events have occurred in those undergoing imaging. The BioImage Study will help identify those patients with subclinical atherosclerosis who are at risk for near-term atherothrombotic events and enable a more personalized management of care. (Am Heart J 2010; 160: 49-57.e1.)”
“Executive dysfunction in fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) has been suggested to mediate other cognitive impairments. In the present study, event-related potentials and neuropsychological testing were combined to investigate the brain mechanisms underlying the executive dysfunction in FXTAS. Thirty-two-channel electroencephalography was recorded during an auditory oddball task requiring dual responses.

We generated a mouse osteoblast cell line that stably expresses a kinase-deficient form of DDR2, termed DDR2/-KD, on its cell surface. Transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence

microscopy, and hydroxyproline assays demonstrated that the expression of DDR2/-KD reduced the rate and abundance of collagen deposition and induced significant morphological changes in the resulting fibers. Taken together, our observations extend the functional roles that DDR2 and possibly other membrane-anchored, collagen-binding proteins can play in the regulation of cell adhesion, migration, proliferation and in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“The von Hippel-Lindau disease is caused by inactivating MK2206 germline mutations of the VHL tumour suppressor gene and is associated with an increased risk of a variety of tumours in an allele-specific manner. 4SC-202 inhibitor The role of the heterodimeric transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the pathogenesis of VHL-defective tumours has been more firmly established during the past 5 years. In addition, there is now a greater appreciation of HIF-independent

VHL functions that are relevant to tumour development, including maintenance of the primary cilium, regulation of extracellular matrix formation and turnover, and modulation of cell death in certain cell types following growth factor withdrawal or in response to other forms of stress.”
“The check details circadian body (vaginal) temperature rhythm was measured in 36 dairy cows: Holstein-Friesian (HF. n = 12), Jersey (J, n = 12) and their crossbreed, Holstein-Friesian x Jersey (HF x J, n = 12) at six different periods (5-7 days in duration) during the year that could potentially be a seasonal and physiological stressor. These were a) early winter (late pregnancy). (b) early spring (early lactation), (c) late spring (before mating at mid-lactation). (d) early summer (after mating at mid-lactation), (e) late summer (late lactation, early pregnancy) and,

(f) early autumn (drying-off at the end of lactation, mid-pregnancy). Live weight and body condition score was recorded on the first day of each measurement period. Live weight differed (P<0.001) with breed with HF cows heaviest and J cows lightest (HF: 525 +/- 51, HF x J: 456 +/- 56. J: 401 +/- 30 kg). HF cows tended (P = 0.099) to have a higher body condition than either J or HF x J cows although the overall change in body condition during the experiment was similar (P = 0.961) amongst breeds. The circadian body temperature rhythm differed markedly between each measurement period, being flatter and having a less prominent morning nadir and afternoon peak during early winter compared to spring and summer. The timing of peak body temperature was 4-5 h earlier in early autumn in HF and HF x J cows relative to J cows. There was no breed difference (P >= 0.162) in daily mean body temperature except for a tendency (P=0.