Results: During a mean follow-up of 17.4 y, 2952 Selisistat price incident cases of breast cancer were ascertained. In multivariate analyses, no significant association was observed between dietary CLA intake and risk of breast cancer, overall or by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status. The multivariate relative risks (95% CI) for the highest quintile of CLA intake (>=

155.7 mg/d) compared with the lowest quintile (<78.1 mg/d) were 1.04 (0.92, 1.17) for overall breast cancer, 1.09 (0.90, 1.31) for ER+/PR+ tumors, 1.09 (0.78, 1.53) for ER+/PR- tumors, and 0.84 (0.57, 1.24) for ER-/PR-tumors.

Conclusion: The results provide no evidence of a protective effect of CLA against breast cancer development in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90:556-60.”
“Millisecond, nanosecond, and picosecond laser pulse induced damage thresholds on single-crystal are investigated in this study. The thresholds of laser-induced damage on silicon are calculated theoretically for three pulse widths based on the thermal damage model. An axisymmetric mathematical model is established for the transient temperature field of the silicon. Experiments are performed to test the damage thresholds of silicon at various pulse widths. The results indicate that MEK inhibitor the damage thresholds obviously increase with the increasing of laser pulse width.

Additionally, the experimental results agree well with theoretical calculations and numerical simulation results. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3466996]“
“Polyamide 66 (PA 66)/impact modifier blends and polyamide/organoclay binary and IPI-145 in vitro PA 66/organoclay/impact modifier ternary nanocomposites were prepared by the melt-compounding method, and the effects of the mixing sequences on the morphology and mechanical and flow properties were investigated. Lotader AX8840 and Lotader AX8900 were used as impact modifiers. The concentrations of the impact modifiers and the organoclay (Cloisite 25A) were maintained at 2 and 5 wt %, respectively. Both the

binary and ternary nanocomposites displayed high tensile strength and Young’s modulus values compared to the PA 66/impact modifier blends. Decreases occurred in the strength and stiffness of the binary nanocomposites upon incorporation of the elastomeric materials into the polymeric matrix. In general, the mixing sequence in which all three ingredients were added simultaneously and extruded twice (the All-S mixing sequence) exhibited the most enhanced mechanical properties in comparison with the mixing sequences in which two of the components were extruded in the first extrusion step and the third ingredient was added in the second extrusion step. The mechanical test results were in accordance with the organoclay dispersion. The impact strength was highly affected by the elastomeric domain sizes, interdomain distances, interfacial interactions, and organoclay delamination.

All patients had co-morbidities. The intraoperative evaluation showed an enlarged left lobe of the liver in 23 patients, whereas the US found enlargement only in eight patients, but revealed eight false positives. In the intraoperative evaluation, fatty liver was observed in five patients, only four of whom were shown in the US, but US revealed 77 false positives. In evaluating the size of the left lobe, US had 35% sensitivity, 90% specificity, 65% false negative rate (FNR) and 10% false positive rate (FPR). In evaluating the consistency, US had 80% sensitivity, 18% specificity, 20% FNR and 82% FPR.

Preoperative US is unreliable in evaluating the size and consistency

of the left lobe of the liver prior to LRYGBP and LSG and has limited prognostic OICR-9429 value for surgical complications and complexity of surgery.”
“We aimed to examine the prevalence of cerebellar tonsil ectopia and Chiari 1 malformation in sensorineural click here hearing loss (SHL) that has, to the best of our knowledge, not been studied previously. Magnetic resonance imaging records of 166 subjects with SHL and 50 controls without known otologic disturbances were included in the study. A tonsils descent more than 2 mm was assumed as cerebellar ectopia, and a descent equal to or more than 5 mm was assumed as Chiari 1 malformation. A tonsil descent group was also formed by summation of both groups.

Transverse

diameters of bilateral intracranial vertebral arteries and transverse sinuses were also measured, and all parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistics. A significant difference of frequencies of Chiari 1, ectopia, and tonsil descent was detected between patients and controls. In comparison of cerebellar ectopia and Chiari 1 groups, SHL did not show any significant difference. The left lateral sinus diameter showed positive correlation with tonsil descent. There was no significant correlation for the diameters of other vessels. A powerful correlation was detected between SHL and age. In addition, right and vertebral artery diameters showed positive correlations with age. Chiari 1 malformation and cerebellar ectopia showed an association this website with SHL. These patients should also be evaluated for otologic disturbances. Further high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging studies to explain the exact cause of this currently unknown association seems required.”
“The incidence of obesity and related metabolic disorders in India and that of stomach carcinoma is one of the highest in the world. Hence, one requires a procedure that allows postoperative surveillance of the stomach with the best outcomes in terms of weight control and resolution of co-morbidities. Here, we compare one such procedure, duodenojejunal bypass with sleeve against the standard Roux-en Y gastric bypass.

We are now transfusing blood products in a ratio more consistent with 1 FFP to 1 RBC. Simultaneously, crystalloid use has decreased by 61%, all of which is consistent with hemostatic resuscitation principles.”
“The effect of sunlight on the development of allergic diseases is not well understood. In this study, we show that increased production of the proinflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor AZD2171 Protein Tyrosine Kinase inhibitor (TNF)-alpha, and nitric

oxide (NO) induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) is mediated via the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Cells were exposed to UVB irradiation (0.1-1 kJ/m(2)) either with or without specific inhibitors of NO [carboxy-2-pheryl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl (PTIO)], extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK; U0126), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK; SP600125), and p38 MAPK (SB203580). The levels of IL-10, TNF-alpha, and NO were then measured. Selleck Buparlisib The NO donor [(+/-)-N-[(E)-4-Ethyl-2-[(Z)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-3-hexene-1-yl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide (NOR4)] was

used to assess the involvement of NO in cytokine production. The activation of p38 MAPK was investigated in UVB-irradiated cells treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. The production of IL-10, INF-alpha, and NO by HaCaT cells increased upon exposure to UVB. The NO inhibitor, carboxy-PTIO suppressed NO production induced by UVB. NOR4 increased the production of TNF-alpha, but

not that of IL-10. The UVB-induced production of IL-10 and TNF-alpha were significantly suppressed by the specific inhibitors U0126, SP600125, and SB203580. In conclusion, UVB induced the production of proinflammatory mediators via activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, suggesting that sunlight might promote the development DUB inhibitor of allergic diseases (such as dermatitis) through an augmented inflammatory response involving the increased production of proinflammatory cytokines and NO.”
“Most mental health care delivery systems in welfare states currently face two major issues: deinstitutionalisation and fragmentation of care. Belgium is in the process of reforming its mental health care delivery system with the aim of simultaneously strengthening community care and improving integration of care. The new policy model attempts to strike a balance between hospitals and community services, and is based on networks of services. We carried out a content analysis of the policy blueprint for the reform and performed an ex-ante evaluation of its plan of operation, based on the current knowledge of mental health service networks. When we examined the policy’s multiple aims, intermediate goals, suggested tools, and their articulation, we found that it was unclear how the new policy could achieve its goals.

Although intensive care, including treatment with prednisolone and methotrexate, improved the hypovolemic shock, paralytic ileus became dominant check details instead of the marked diarrhea,

suggesting the terminal stage of AA amyloidosis of the GI tract. Thus, we administered tocilizumab, a humanized anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody (8 mg/kg, repeated every 4 weeks). Two weeks after the first injection of tocilizumab, serum AA rapidly returned to their normal ranges in accordance with the amelioration of paralytic ileus and systemic joint pain. Surprisingly, after three courses of tocilizumab treatment, colon biopsy revealed no amyloid deposition. Tocilizumab is a promising agent to treat secondary AA amyloidosis by strongly suppressing serum AA levels.”
“We have investigated the role played by inter-ion

Coulomb interactions in a magneto-optical Sotrastaurin mouse trap ion source (MOTIS). Using a Monte Carlo simulation accounting for all pair-wise ion-ion Coulomb interactions in the source, we have calculated the broadening of the transverse spatial and velocity distributions as well as the increase in emittance over a range of beam currents and extraction electric fields. Using a (7)Li MOTIS, we have experimentally studied the broadening of the spatial distribution as a function of total beam current and extraction electric field by measuring the fraction of the beam current that passes through a 20 mu m diameter aperture. The Monte Carlo simulations agree well with the experimental results, indicating that such simulations capture the essential physics of the source. Our results show that while Coulomb interactions can cause a significant increase in emittance in some situations, it is possible to keep the effects to an acceptable level by suitable choice of extraction field and beam current.

These considerations SHP099 Others inhibitor are essential to the process of optimizing MOTIS geometry and operating conditions for use in high-resolution focused ion beam applications. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3585783]“
“BACKGROUND: Podocyte injury plays an important role in glomerulosclerosis in IgA nephropathy (IgAN), and detachment from the glomerular basement membrane is the main cause of podocyte damage. In a previous study we found that medium from mesangial cells incubated with aggregated IgA1 (aIgA1) isolated from IgAN patients decreased podocyte adhesive capacity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Podocytes were incubated in medium from mesangial cells incubated with aIgA1 isolated from IgAN patients, enalaprilat (10-5 M) and chymostatin (20 mu M), or with enalaprilat and chymostatin separately. Podocyte adhesive capacity was evaluated by cell counting and hexosaminidase assay. Expression of the renin angiotensin system was measured by real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and ELISA.

Seven (39%) trials were considered selleck kinase inhibitor of high quality. Meta-analysis on 2 high-quality trials revealed that advice is less effective than microdiscectomy surgery at short-term follow-up, but equally effective at long-term follow-up. Individual high-quality trials provided moderate evidence that stabilization exercises are more effective than no treatment, that manipulation is more effective than sham manipulation for people with acute symptoms and an intact anulus, and that no difference exists among traction, laser, and ultrasound. One trial showed some additional benefit from adding mechanical traction to medication and electrotherapy

methods. Adverse events were associated with traction (pain, anxiety, lower limb weakness, and fainting) and ibuprofen Selleck TGFbeta inhibitor (gastrointestinal events).

Conclusion. Advice is less effective than microdiscectomy in the short term but equally effective in the long term for people who have LDHR. Moderate evidence favors stabilization exercises over no treatment, manipulation over sham manipulation, and the addition of mechanical traction to medication and electrotherapy. There was no difference among traction, laser, and ultrasound. Adverse events were associated with traction and ibuprofen. Additional high-quality trials would allow firmer conclusions

regarding adverse effects and efficacy.”
“Objective-To evaluate features, treatment, and prognosis associated with retroperitoneal fibrosis that developed after renal transplantation in cats.

Design-Retrospective case series.

Animals-29 cats.

Procedures-Medical records of cats that developed retroperitoneal fibrosis after renal transplantation at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, between 1998 and 2011 JQ1 supplier were reviewed for signalment, date of transplantation, age, results of urine and blood analyses, blood pressure at the time of diagnosis, infectious disease and medication anamneses, anesthetic protocols, and intraoperative

complications.

Results-Of 138 transplant recipients, 29 (21%) developed clinically important retroperitoneal fibrosis-Nineteen (66%) were male, and median age at the time of renal transplantation was 8 years (range, 4 to 13 years). Median number of days after transplantation to diagnosis of retroperitoneal fibrosis was 62 (range, 4 to 730 days; mean, 125 days). The most common clinical signs were lethargy and anorexia. All affected cats were azotemic (BUN concentration > 32 mg/dL; creatinine concentration > 2.0 mg/dL) and anemic (PCV < 35%) at the time of retroperitoneal fibrosis diagnosis, although cats were nonazotemic at the time of discharge following transplantation, and anemia was less pronounced. Twenty-five cats successfully underwent surgical ureterolysis in which scar tissue was dissected away from the allograft ureter to relieve extraluminal compression.

Although alpha-synuclein is thought to play a central role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases including

Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and diffuse Lewy body disease, the mechanism of action is not completely understood. In this study, we sought to determine whether multiple factors act together with alpha-synuclein to engender cell vulnerability through an augmentation of membrane conductance. In this article, we employed a cell model that mimics dopaminergic neurons coupled with alpha-synuclein overexpression and oxidative stressors. We demonstrate an enhancement of alpha-synuclein-induced toxicity in the presence of combined treatment with dopamine and paraquat, two molecules known to incite oxidative stress. In addition, we show that combined dopamine and paraquat treatment increases the expression selleckchem of heme oxygenase-1, an antioxidant A-1155463 purchase response protein. Finally, we demonstrate for the first time that combined treatment of dopaminergic cells with paraquat

and dopamine enhances alpha-synuclein-induced leak channel properties resulting in increased membrane conductance. Importantly, these increases are most robust when both paraquat and dopamine are present suggesting the need for multiple oxidative insults to augment alpha-synuclein-induced disruption of membrane integrity.”
“The permeabilities of amino acids for isolated cuticular membranes of ivy (Hedera helix L.) were measured at different pH. Cuticular permeances were lowest for the zwitterionic form at pH 6, followed by the cationic form at pH 1. Highest permeances were obtained for the anionic form at pH 11. Permeances were not correlated with octanol/water

partition coefficients and decreased at DMH1 a given pH with increasing molar volume of the solute. This finding suggests that permeation takes place in the polar cuticular pathways. The effect of pH on the cuticular transport properties was analysed according to the porous membrane model considering the polyelectrolytic character of the cuticle in terms of porosity, tortuosity, and size selectivity of the aqueous cuticular pathway which is altered by pH. An increase of water content and permeability of the cuticular membrane was caused by the dissociation of weak acidic groups with increasing pH leading to a swelling of the cuticle induced by fixed negative charges. In addition, the pH-dependent size of the hydration shell of the amino acids was identified as a secondary factor explaining the variability of cuticular permeances.”
“The organic donor-acceptor nanostructure formation processes of C-60 and alpha-sexithiophene (6T) on graphite are monitored by in situ low-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy and synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy experiments.

Psychosocial stress and negative affect are linked to elevations in several inflammatory biomarkers. Immunosenescence, the deterioration of immune competence observed in the aged aspect of the life span, linked to a dramatic rise

in morbidity and susceptibility to diseases with fatal outcomes, alters neuroimmunological function and is particularly marked in the neurodegenerative disorders, e.g., Parkinson’s disease and diabetes. Physical exercise diminishes inflammation and elevates agents and factors involved in immunomodulatory function. Both the alleviatory effects of life-long physical activity upon multiple cancer forms and the palliative effects of physical activity for

individuals afflicted by cancer offer advantages in health intervention. selleck chemicals llc Chronic conditions of stress and affective dysregulation are associated with neuroimmunological insufficiency and inflammation, contributing to health risk and mortality. Physical exercise regimes have induced manifest anti-inflammatory benefits, mediated possibly JPH203 Transmembrane Transporters inhibitor by brain-derived neurotrophic factor. The epidemic proportions of metabolic disorders, obesity, and diabetes demand attention; several variants of exercise regimes have been found repeatedly to induce both prevention and improvement under both laboratory and clinical conditions. Physical exercise offers a unique non-pharmacologic intervention incorporating multiple activity regimes, e.g., endurance versus resistance exercise that may be

adapted to conform to the particular demands of diagnosis, intervention and prognosis inherent to the staging of autoimmune disorders and related conditions.”
“The MDV3100 Endocrinology & Hormones inhibitor aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms and cardiovascular risk parameters in healthy postmenopausal women.

Forty women receiving and 38 women not receiving HRT were included and baseline and sixth month blood pressure, weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, blood lipid profile, inflammatory markers (homocysteine, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and insulin, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results were evaluated.

The mean age was 52.6 +/- A 4.9 and 52.2 +/- A 5.0 years in the HRT and Control Groups, respectively. Whereas there was no change in the Controls, the weight, waist/hip ratio, and BMI increased and diastolic blood pressure decreased in the HRT patients. LDL-c, VLDL-c and lipoprotein (a) levels were significantly higher in the HRT Group in the sixth month; however, total cholesterol and LDL-c increased in the Controls but VLDL-c and lipoprotein (a) did not. CRP and homocysteine significantly increased and fibrinogen decreased, whereas in the Control Group no significant change was detected.

The first nephrology report was presented in 1949 at the CB-839 third annual meeting of the Korean Society of Internal Medicine. The first hemodialysis was performed in 1952 during the Korean War, the first acute peritoneal dialysis

in 1957, the first kidney biopsy in 1959, the first kidney transplantation in 1969 and the first continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in 1981. National Health Insurance was launched in 1976 with a limited coverage, which was gradually expanded to cover all Korean nationals in 1989.

The Korean Society of Nephrology (KSN) was inaugurated in 1980. The KSN End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) Registry was started in 1985. Brain death legislation was enacted, and the Korean network for organ sharing launched in 2000. During 2009, a total of 8,906 patients or 175.9 patients per million population (PMP) began renal replacement therapy (RRT), and at the end of the year a total of 56,396 patients or 1,113.6 patients PMP were on RRT in Korea. The prevalence

of ESRD continues to grow in Korea while its incidence is stable or declining as compared with the previous year.”
“Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but devastating complication. The patients at high risk for EPS include those on peritoneal dialysis CH5183284 (PD) for more than 8 10 years and patients with high peritoneal transport and frequent peritonitis. Effective medical treatment with tamoxifen and immunosuppressives LY2835219 in vitro (a steroid with or without azathioprine or mycophenolate) has been reported. Surgical enterolysis is needed when irreversible intestinal obstruction occurs. In experienced hands, mortality can be reduced to a few percentage points,

but the recurrence rate is very high. Noble plication has been reported to reduce the recurrence rate. Accelerated EPS development may possibly occur after conversion from PD to HD.”
“The treatment of oropharyngeal malignancy is associated with numerous functional morbidities. Transoral robotic surgery has been used with increased frequency in adult oropharyngeal malignancy. The benefits include decreased surgical morbidity and improved functional outcomes. Use of transoral robotic has been limited in children. This case represents our experience with a 17-month old child who was diagnosed with a high-grade undifferentiated sarcoma of the soft palate. She was able to be successfully treated with transoral robotic surgery as a part of her multimodal therapy, representing the first case of transoral robotic surgery for an oropharyngeal malignancy in a young child. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Stability of loratadine formulations can be affected when the product is exposed to high temperature and humidity. In this study, chemical and in vitro dissolution stability of loratadine (10 mg) tablets available in Argentina were assessed.

(C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3622333]“
“We evaluated infant sera from an immunization trial in Bangladesh to assess influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer increases in 131 unimmunized infants from birth to 6 months. We detected 31 serologically defined infections. Combined with 10 additional rapid test-proven influenza cases, the

https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Temsirolimus.html minimal estimated incidence was 31 of 100 infants (95% CI: 24-41). These data suggest a high burden of influenza in young infants in tropical South Asia.”
“Background: Recurrent pyogenic cholangitis (RPC) is still a common disease in East Asia. The present study reviews the operative results for this disease in a single centre.

Methods: The records of 85 patients who underwent surgical treatment for RPC from August 1995 to March 2008 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Patients included 35 men and 50 women with a median age of 61 years. Types of surgery included: hepatectomy (65.9%); hepatectomy plus drainage (9.4%); drainage alone (14.1%), and percutaneous choledochoscopy (10.6%). There was no operative mortality. Complications occurred in 40% of patients and half the complications involved wound infections. The overall incidences of residual stone, stone recurrence and biliary sepsis recurrence were 21.2%, 16.5% and 21.2%, respectively, over a median follow-up of 45.4 months. The drainage-alone group and percutaneous choledochoscopy group had higher

incidences of residual stone, stone recurrence and biliary sepsis recurrence. In hepatectomy

Anlotinib patients, regardless of whether or not a drainage procedure had been performed, rates of residual stone, stone recurrence and biliary sepsis recurrence were 15.6%, 7.8% and 9.4%, respectively, over a median follow-up of 42.7 months.

Conclusions: Hepatectomy is safe and yields the best treatment outcome for RPC. It should be considered as the treatment of choice for suitable patients with RPC.”
“We report on the investigation of the potential application Sapanisertib in vivo of different forms of amorphous carbon (a-C and a-C:H) as an antireflective coating for crystalline silicon solar cells. Polymeric-like carbon (PLC) and hydrogenated diamond-like carbon films were deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) was deposited by the filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique. Those three different amorphous carbon structures were individually applied as single antireflective coatings on conventional (polished and texturized) p-n junction crystalline silicon solar cells. Due to their optical properties, good results were also obtained for double-layer antireflective coatings based on PLC or ta-C films combined with different materials. The results are compared with a conventional tin dioxide (SnO(2)) single-layer antireflective coating and zinc sulfide/magnesium fluoride (ZnS/MgF(2)) double-layer antireflective coatings. An increase of 23.

35delG, the most common Caucasian mutation in the GJB2 coding region. HIF-1 activation In a patient group (n = 32) bearing heterozygous pathogenic c.35delG mutations, – rs117685390 C allele homozygosity was also highly overrepresented (0.25; p < 0.001) and not exclusively linked to the c.35delG mutation in cis in patients homozygous for c.35delG. However, in the majority of NSHI homozygous c.35delG chromosomes examined (91/94),

c.35delG homozygosity was linked to the rs117685390 C allele in cis.

Conclusion: These results suggest that the rs117685390 C allele could represent a biomarker for the development of NSHI in Caucasian populations and may be included in risk assessment for the development of NSHI.”
“A phytochemical study on the alkaloids from Teclea nobilis yielded five furoquinolines, including the new acetylmontrifoline. The structures were compound screening assay elucidated from extensive 2D-NMR and MS experiments. The absolute configuration of the chiral center of montrifoline and of acetylmontrifoline was established as R by analysing the Mosher’s derivatives and chemical modifications, respectively. All the five furoquinolines showed weak in vitro antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum, montrifoline being

moderately active (56 mu g/ml) and not cytotoxic. (C) 2011 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“The aim of this study was to determine if there was a correlation between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and metapneumovirus (MPV) genotypes and clinical data of Brazilian infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection. The viruses in the patients’ nasopharyngeal secretions were studied using the polymerase chain reaction and phylogenetic analysis. The study assessed 144 infants; 31.9% were RSV positive and 5.6% were MPV positive. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-squared test, Fisher’s test, Odds ratio, univariate logistic regression, non-conditional

multivariate logistic regression and the forward – stepwise method. Multivariate analysis confirmed a significant relationship between a positive PCR test for RSV and hospitalization during the month of May and with pulse oximetry 17DMAG less than 90%. The phylogenetic analysis indicated the genotypes GA2, GA5, SAA1 (Group A), SAB1, SAB3 and BA (Group B) for RSV and Group B, subgroup B1, for MPV.”
“TRU-016 is a SMIPTM (monospecific protein therapeutic) molecule against the tetraspanin transmembrane family protein CD37 that is currently in Phase 2 trials in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). In an attempt to enhance the ADCC function of SMIP-016, the chimeric version of TRU-016, SMIP-016(GV) was engineered with a modification in a glycosylation site in the Fc domain. The wild-type and glycovariant SMIP proteins mediate comparable Type I antibody-like direct cytotoxicity in the presence of anti-human Fc crosslinker and show a similar tyrosine phosphorylation pattern post-treatment.