05). Aconitate hydratase 2 (ACO2), which catalyzes the conversion of citrate to isocitrate in TCA cycle, was down-regulated in animals of the high-fat group (p smaller than 0.05). Inflammatory markers annexin A3 (ANXA3) and annexin A5 (ANXA5) were up-regulated by the high-fat diet (p smaller than 0.05). Moreover, enzymes involved in the urea cycle were suppressed by high-fat diet, including carbamoyl phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1), ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthase (ASS), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL), and arginase 1 (ARG 1). Post-translational modifications

(PTM) of ANXA3, ANXA5, and XDH were also analyzed. A set of differentially expressed proteins were identified as molecular markers Stattic in vivo for elucidating the pathological mechanism

of high-fat diet.”
“Background & Aims: Induced pluripotent stem LY2606368 supplier (iPS) cells exert phenotypic and functional characteristics of embryonic stem cells even though the gene expression pattern is not completely identical. Therefore, it is important to develop procedures which are specifically oriented to induce iPS cell differentiation.\n\nMethods: In this study, we describe the differentiation of mouse iPS cells to hepatocyte-like cells, following a directed differentiation procedure that mimics embryonic and fetal liver development. The sequential differentiation was monitored by real-time PCR, immunostaining, and functional assays.\n\nResults: By sequential stimulation with cytokines known to play a role in liver Linsitinib development, iPS cells were specified to primitive streak/mesendoderm/definitive endoderm. They were then differentiated into two types of cells: those with hepatoblast features and those with hepatocyte characteristics. Differentiated hepatocyte-like cells showed functional properties of hepatocytes, such as albumin secretion, glycogen storage, urea production, and inducible cytochrome activity. Aside from hepatocyte-like cells, mesodermal cells displaying some characteristics of liver sinusoidal

endothelium and stellate cells were also detected.\n\nConclusions: These data demonstrate that a protocol, modeled on embryonic liver development, can induce hepatic differentiation of mouse iPS cells, generating a population of cells with mature hepatic phenotype. (C) 2010 European Association for the Study of the Liver. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“No effective vaccine has been developed against the subgroup J avian leukosis virus (ALV-J). The genetic diversity of ALV-J might be related to the env gene, therefore, we selected conserved sequences of the env gene and designed interference sequence. In this study, microRNAs (miRNAs) were designed and synthesized, corresponding to conserved regions of the env gene. These miRNAs were cloned into the linearized eukaryotic expression vector. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into DF-1 cells. After transfection, the cells were inoculated with ALV-J.

Temperature-adjustments are feasible in viscoelastic point-of-care tests such as thrombelastography

and thromboelastometry which may permit quantification of hypothermia-induced coagulopathy. Rewarming hypothermic bleeding patients is highly recommended because 4SC-202 molecular weight it improves patient outcome. Despite the absence of high-quality evidence, calcium supplementation is clinical routine in bleeding management. Buffer administration may not reverse acidosis-induced coagulopathy but may be essential for the efficacy of coagulation factor concentrates such as recombinant activated factor VII.”
“MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in the growth and development of human beings. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within miRNA could change their production or affinity with target genes, thus leading to malignant diseases. This case-control study conducted in Western China aimed to explore the relationship between polymorphisms in miR-146a (rs2910164 G > C) and miR-499 (rs3746444 T > C) and primary liver cancers

in the Chinese population. 186 primary liver cancer cases and 483 healthy controls Selleck BIBF1120 were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. No significant differences were observed between distributions of the two SNPs and susceptibility of primary

liver cancer or diverse clinicopathologic features. However, we found that patients with genotype CG of the SNP in miR-146a tended to have earlier onset and better liver function than patients with genotype CC (average age: 49.9 vs. 54.9, p = Tubastatin A research buy 0.038; average Child-Pugh grade: 5.55 vs. 6.15, p = 0.021), and further analysis showed that patients who had at least one G allele were diagnosed at an earlier age (average age: 49.6 vs. 54.9, p = 0.022) and had better liver function (average Child-Pugh grade: 5.60 vs. 6.15, p = 0.026). Our data suggested lack of association between the two SNPs and primary liver cancer risk, though, interestingly, the miR-146a SNP may influence the age of onset and Child-Pugh grade.”
“Eukaryotic gene expression is regulated by histone deposition onto and eviction from nucleosomes, which are mediated by several chromatin-modulating factors. Among them, histone chaperones are key factors that facilitate nucleosome assembly. Acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32B (ANP32B) belongs to the ANP32 family, which shares N-terminal leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) and a C-terminal variable anionic region. The C-terminal region functions as an inhibitor of histone acetylation, but the functional roles of the LRR domain in chromatin regulation have remained elusive.

\n\nMethods The effects of acteoside were determined using

several cell-free assay systems and B16F10 melanoma cells for melanin content and tyrosinase activity. To investigate effects on melanogenic regulatory factors we performed reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, cAMP assay and Western blot analyses.\n\nKey findings Acteoside showed an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in both cell-free assay systems and cultured B16F10 melanoma cells. Acteoside decreased levels of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) proteins, whereas it increased ERK phosphorylation. A specific ERK inhibitor, PD98059, abolished the acteoside-induced CBL0137 down-regulation of MITF, tyrosinase and TRP-1 proteins. The ERK inhibitor increased tyrosinase activity and melanin production and reversed the acteoside-induced decrease in tyrosinase activity and melanin content. In addition, acteoside suppressed melanogenesis induced by a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and showed

UV-absorbing effects.\n\nConclusions Acteoside decreased tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells by activating ERK signalling, which down-regulated Stem Cell Compound Library high throughput MITF, tyrosinase and TRP-1 production.”
“Background: Suboptimal outcomes are common in bipolar disorder (BD) pharmacotherapy, and may be mitigated with novel adjunctive agents such as modafinil (a low-affinity dopamine transport inhibitor) and pramipexole (a dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist). While uncontrolled long-term effectiveness data have been reported for these treatments, reports specifically assessing their comparative acute versus chronic

tolerability in BD are lacking. Such information, particularly in relation to discontinuation causes, has substantial relevance, providing initial indications to clinicians which treatment may be better tolerated, and to researchers which agent ought to Cl-amidine mw be assessed in longer-term controlled trials.\n\nMethods: BD outpatients assessed with the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD) Affective Disorders Evaluation, and followed with the STEP-BD Clinical Monitoring Form, were naturalistically prescribed adjunctive modafinil or pramipexole, and somatic/psychiatric intolerability discontinuation rates were compared.\n\nResults: Among 63 BD outpatients (mean +/- SD age 43.5 +/- 14.3 years, 60.3% female, 42.9% type I, 44.4% type II, 12.7% type not otherwise specified), taking 3.5 +/- 1.5 (median 3) concurrent prescription psychotropics, adjunctive modafinil (n=24) for 626.9 +/- 863.9 (286) days versus pramipexole (n=39) for 473.7 +/- 613.4 (214; p=0.51) days yielded a 26.0% lower somatic/psychiatric intolerability discontinuation rate (12.5% vs. 38.5%; p<0.

In combination, LAI and canopy %N explain greater than 75 per cent of variation in above-ground net primary productivity among forests, expressed per year or per day of growing season. After accounting Selleck Z-DEVD-FMK for growing season length and climate effects, less than 10 per cent of the variance remained unexplained. These results mirror similar

relations of leaf-scale and canopy-scale (eddy covariance) maximum photosynthetic rates to LAI and %N. Collectively, these findings indicate that canopy structure and chemistry translate from instantaneous physiology to annual carbon fluxes. Given the increasing capacity to remotely sense canopy LAI, %N and phenology, these results support the idea that physiologically based scaling relations can be useful tools for global modelling.”
“Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause Emricasan of acute hepatitis in humans, causing outbreaks and epidemics in regions with sub-optimal sanitary conditions, in many of which it is endemic. Nowadays there is no specific therapy or licensed vaccines against HEV infection. In this

study, we have analyzed in mice the immunogenicity of HEV open-reading frame 2 (ORF-2) protein, and a truncated form of it lacking the first 111 amino acids, efficiently expressed in an improved baculovirus-based technology using insects as living biofactories. Both recombinant proteins elicited high and long-lasting specific anti HEV antibodies. Passive transfer of immunity from immunized mothers to their offspring was demonstrated to occur both by transplacental and lactation routes. These results indicate A-1155463 cost that these insect-derived immunogens constitute low-cost

potential vaccine candidate to be further evaluated. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Obesity is becoming an increasingly prevalent problem among American children. Screening for obesity associated comorbid conditions has been shown to be inconsistent. The current study was undertaken to explore patterns of ordering screening tests among obese pediatric patients. We analyzed electronic medical records (EMR) from 69,901 patients ages 2-18 years between June 1999 and December 2008. Obese children who had documented diagnoses of obesity were identified based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Screening rates for glucose, liver, and lipid abnormalities were assessed. Regression analysis was used to examine impact of patient characteristics and temporal trends were analyzed. Of the 9,251 obese diagnosed patients identified, 22% were screened for all three included obesity-related conditions: diabetes, liver, and lipid abnormalities; 52% were screened for glucose abnormalities; 30% for liver abnormalities; and 41% for lipid abnormalities. Increasing BMI and age were associated with increased rates of screening. Females and Hispanic patients were more likely to be screened.

Alkali-insoluble residues from EGCG-lignified walls yielded up to 34% more glucose and total sugars following enzymatic saccharification than lignified controls.\n\nConclusions: It was found that EGCG readily copolymerized with monolignols to become integrally cross-coupled into cell wall lignins, where it greatly enhanced alkaline delignification and subsequent enzymatic saccharification. Improved delignification may be attributed to internal trapping of quinone-methide intermediates to Fer-1 cell line prevent benzyl ether cross-linking of lignin to structural polysaccharides during lignification, and to the cleavage of ester intra-unit linkages within EGCG during pretreatment. Overall, our results

suggest that apoplastic deposition of EGCG for incorporation into lignin would be a promising plant”
“Small intestinal tuberculosis is a rare disorder of the small intestine. We NCT-501 chemical structure report the development of deep small bowel tuberculosis in a rheumatoid arthritis patient who was taking methotrexate. The diagnosis of small bowel tuberculosis was ascertained by typical endoscopic findings and production

of interferon gamma in the peripheral blood. The patient was successfully treated with antituberculous chemotherapy combined with an antifibrotic agent, tranilast, to suppress the progression of intestinal stenosis toward symptomatic stricture.”
“Purpose: Teenage risky driving may be due to teenagers not knowing what is risky, preferring risk, or the lack of consequences. Elevated gravitational-force (g-force) events, caused mainly by hard braking and sharp turns, provide a valid measure of risky driving and are the target of interventions using in-vehicle data recording and feedback devices. The effect of two forms of feedback about risky driving events to teenagers only or to teenagers and their parents was tested in a randomized controlled trial.\n\nMethods: Ninety parent-teen dyads were randomized to one of two groups: (1) immediate feedback to teens (Lights Only); or (2) immediate

feedback to teens plus family access to event videos and ranking of the teen relative to other teenage drivers (Lights Plus). Participants’ vehicles were instrumented with data recording Fludarabine devices and events exceeding .5 g were assessed for 2 weeks of baseline and 13 weeks of feedback.\n\nResults: Growth curve analysis with random slopes yielded a significant decrease in event rates for the Lights Plus group (slope = -.11, p < .01), but no change for the Lights Only group (slope = .05, p = .67) across the 15 weeks. A large effect size of 1.67 favored the Lights Plus group.\n\nConclusions: Provision of feedback with possible consequences associated with parents being informed reduced risky driving, whereas immediate feedback only to teenagers did not. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine.

0 may induce physicochemical changes in the plasma membrane of cancer cells which may affect EGFR cellular localization and/or activity, increasing activation of the MEK-ERK1/2 pathway and inducing proliferation. Results from the present study suggest that possible biological

effects of delivery systems based on lecithin nanoparticles should be taken into account in pharmaceutical formulation design.”
“Research in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is challenging for several reasons; in particular, the heterogeneity between patients regarding causes, pathophysiology, treatment, and outcome. Advances in basic science have failed to translate EGFR inhibitor into successful clinical treatments, and the evidence underpinning guideline recommendations is weak. Because clinical research has been hampered by non-standardised data collection, restricted multidisciplinary collaboration, and the lack of sensitivity of classification and efficacy

analyses, multidisciplinary collaborations are now being fostered. Approaches to deal with heterogeneity have been developed by the IMPACT study group. These approaches can increase statistical power in clinical trials by up to 50% and are also relevant to other heterogeneous neurological diseases, such as stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage. Rather than trying to limit BEZ235 cost heterogeneity, we might also be able to exploit it by analysing differences in treatment and outcome between countries and centres in comparative effectiveness research. This approach has great potential to advance care in patients with TBI.”
“We report a case of a 41-year-old man with Nepicastat cell line a splenic abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). He had been treated with antimicrobials and corticosteroids for interstitial pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and hemolytic anemia. He developed catheter-related (MRSA) bacteremia during his stay in the ICU and was treated with teicoplanin for 2 weeks. After 4 weeks of outpatient follow-up, he was readmitted to the hospital with fever and pain in the left upper quadrant. A thoracoabdominal CT scan showed

subcapsular collection in areas of splenic infarction that had been detected on his first admission. CT-guided percutaneous aspiration resulted in the isolation of MRSA. The patient was treated successfully with teicoplanin for 6 weeks. Our aim in presenting this quite rare case is to highlight the tendency of infarcts that develop as a result of hemolytic attacks during systemic infections to be a focus of infection for nosocomial bacteremia.”
“Protein-protein interactions govern almost all biological processes and the underlying functions of proteins. The interaction sites of protein depend on the 3D structure which in turn depends on the amino acid sequence. Hence, prediction of protein function from its primary sequence is an important and challenging task in bioinformatics.

Copyright (C) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“A new, simple, precise, rapid and accurate RP-HPLC method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of cefpodoxime proxetil and clavulanic acid from pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method was carried out on a Zorbax Eclipse XDB 5 mu C 18 (150×4.6 mm) column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile:50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 3.0, 70:30 v/v) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. Detection was carried out at 228 nm. Aspirin was used as an internal standard. The retention time of clavulanic acid, cefpodoxime proxetil

and aspirin Anlotinib inhibitor was 4.43, 6.44 and 5.6 min, respectively. The developed method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification and solution stability. The proposed method can be used for the estimation of these drugs in combined dosage forms.”
“CHAUDHARY P, SURYAKUMAR G, SHARMA YK, ILAVAZHAGAN G. Differential this website response of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of rats to chronic hypobaric hypoxia. Aviat Space Environ Med 2012; 83:1037-43.\n\nBackground: The hypothesis of the present study is that the occurrence of oxidative stress with exposure to chronic hypobaric

hypoxia will be different in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles as these two muscles differ in their fiber types. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII). Groups I-V were exposed to an altitude of 25,000 ft (7620 m) for 0, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d, respectively. Group VI and VII were given curcumin orally and exposed to an altitude of 25,000 ft (7620 m) for 0 and 14 d, respectively. On completion of exposure, the soleus and gastrocnemius muscle were removed and used for GDC-0973 datasheet various estimations. Results: Maximum changes were observed in

14-d exposed gastrocnemius muscle (GM) as compared to soleus muscle (SM). Lipid peroxidation (nmol . g(-1) of muscle) was higher in GM than SM in 14-d exposed rats (43.05 +/- 2.96 vs. 27.4 +/- 2.35, respectively). Similarly significant increases were observed in free radicals and protein carbonyl on exposure to hypobaric hypoxia. We also observed depletion of the antioxidant, reduced glutathione, in the exposed rats as compared to the control group. A significant reduction of 26% was observed in total protein of the GM as compared to a reduction of 13% in the SM. Myofibrillar proteins were also significantly decreased in the exposed groups. Discussion: Hypobaric hypoxia affects different hind limb muscles differentially and the response of each muscle varies as a function of time. Gastrocnemius muscle is more vulnerable to hypobaric hypoxia-induced oxidative stress in comparison to soleus muscle.”
“Objective(s): The effect of prolonged overtraining on cytokine kinetics was compared with moderate exercise in the present study.

Experiments in nude mice indicated local RE26 injection adjacent to tumor site could inhibit lymphoma formation.”
“Anaplerosis, FRAX597 mouse the net synthesis

in mitochondria of citric acid cycle intermediates, and cataplerosis, their export to the cytosol, have been shown to be important for insulin secretion in rodent beta cells. However, human islets may be different. We observed that the enzyme activity, protein level, and relative mRNA level of the key anaplerotic enzyme pyruvate carboxylase (PC) were 80-90% lower in human pancreatic islets compared with islets of rats and mice and the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 832/13. Activity and protein of ATP citrate lyase, which uses anaplerotic products in the cytosol, were 60-75% lower in human islets than in rodent islets or the cell line. In line with the lower PC, the percentage of glucose-derived pyruvate that entered mitochondrial metabolism via carboxylation

in human islets was only 20-30% that in rat islets. This suggests human islets depend less on pyruvate carboxylation than rodent models B-Raf assay that were used to establish the role of PC in insulin secretion. Human islets possessed high levels of succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-CoA transferase, an enzyme that forms acetoacetate in the mitochondria, and acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, which uses acetoacetate to form acyl-CoAs in the cytosol. Glucose-stimulated human islets released insulin similarly to rat islets but formed much more acetoacetate. beta-Hydroxybutyrate augmented insulin secretion in human islets. This information supports previous data that indicate beta cells can use a pathway involving succinyl-CoA: 3-ketoacid-CoA transferase and acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase to synthesize and use acetoacetate and suggests human islets may use this pathway more than PC and citrate to form cytosolic acyl-CoAs.”
“Although angiotensin

(Ang) II-induced Janus-activated kinase (JAK) 2 phosphorylation was reported to be enhanced in failing human cardiomyocytes, the downstream balance between cardio-protective (signal transducer and activator this website of transcription-STAT3) and the pro-inflammatory (STAT2 and STAT5) response remains unexplored. Therefore STATs phosphorylation and putative genes overexpression following JAK2 activation were investigated in isolated cardiomyocytes obtained from failing human hearts (n = 16), and from non-failing(NF) hearts of humans (putative donors, n = 6) or adult rats. In NF myocytes Ang II-induced JAK2 activation was followed by STAT3 phosphorylation (186 +/- 45% at 30 min), with no STAT2 or STAT5 response. The associated B cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL overexpression (1.05 +/- 0.39 fold) was abolished by both JAK2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 inhibitors (AG490, 10 mu M, and PD98059, 30 mu M, respectively), whereas Fas ligand (Fas-L) response (0.91 +/- 0.

The interviews were thematically analyzed. Two analysts

coded, reviewed, discussed, and refined the coding of the transcripts until consensus was reached. Emerging concepts were assessed using the constant comparative method from grounded theory.\n\nResults: Three manners of responding to religious objections to vaccination were identified: providing medical information, discussion of the decision-making process, and adoption of an authoritarian stance. All of the HCPs provided the parents with medical information. In addition, Linsitinib some HCPs discussed the decision-making process. They verified how the decision was made and if possible consequences were realized. Sometimes they also discussed religious considerations. Whether the decision-making process LDK378 cell line was discussed depended on the willingness of the parents to engage in such a discussion and on the religious background, attitudes, and communication skills of the HCPs. Only in cases of tetanus post-exposure-prophylaxis,

general practitioners reported adoption of an authoritarian stance.\n\nConclusion: Given that the provision of medical information is generally not decisive for parents with religious objections to vaccination, we recommend HCPs to discuss the vaccination decision-making process, rather than to provide them with extra medical information.”
“Objectives: To map the disease locus and to identify a gene mutation in a Japanese family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia.\n\nDesign: A genome-wide linkage selleck products analysis was performed using the Affymetrix genome-wide human single-nucleotide polymorphism array containing 909 622 single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Direct

nucleotide sequencing of a candidate gene was performed.\n\nSetting: Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine and Tokyo University Graduate School of Medicine.\n\nPatients: Four affected and 6 healthy individuals in a family with autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia.\n\nResults: One locus on chromosome 5q had a multipoint logarithm of odds score of 2.408, the theoretical maximum. This locus was flanked by markers rs681591 and rs32582 and includes PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit B, beta isoform), the causative gene of autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia 12 (SCA12). However, unlike SCA12, no CAG repeat expansions in the promoter region and no nucleotide substitution or insertion-deletion mutations in the exons of the PPP2R2B gene were found.\n\nConclusion: Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia mapping to 5q31-q33.1 has no CAG repeat expansion or other mutations of the PPP2R2B gene.”
“We developed revolutionary novel and low cost and nonvacuum chemical molecular beam deposition method for fabrication of thin film II-VI solar cells in the atmospheric pressure gas (He, Ar, H-2) flow. High quality polycrystalline CdTe films with different compositions (stoichiometric and Cd/Te <= 1.0 and Cd/Te >= 1.

Moderate infection was seen in ED5 group, resulting in low antibody production and non-sterile protection in 87.5% of mice. High

antibody titers and sterile protection were observed in all groups that experienced robust infection post-immunization.\n\nConclusion\n\nThe results show that estradiol leads to limited viral replication and diminished mucosal IgG response, resulting in non-sterile immune protection against genital herpes infection.”
“Tong-Xie-Yao-Fang (TXYF) is a prescription in traditional chinese medicine (TCM), used for relieving abdominal pain associated with irritable bowel HDAC inhibitor syndrome. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects and mechanism of TXYF on experimental visceral hypersensitivity (VH) models. TXVF affected the abdominal withdrawal reflex produced by colonic distention in maternal separation-induced visceral hypersensitivity rats, in a dosage-dependent manner. TXYF significantly

decreased serotonin (5-HT) levels in serum and corticotrophin Torin 2 manufacturer releasing factor (CRF) concentrations in the brain. Moreover, it was found that VH alleviation by TXVF was dependent on the substance P (SP) expression in the colon mucosa. These results suggest that TXVF attenuates behavioral hyperalgesia by regulating substance associated with the brain-gut axis, including decreasing the expression of 5-HT and SP in the periphery and that of CRF in the center.”
“Few studies have investigated the relationship between breakfast consumption and specific adiposity or insulin dynamics measures in children. The goal of this study is to determine

whether breakfast consumption is associated with adiposity, specifically intra-abdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), and insulin dynamics in overweight Latino youth. Participants were a RG-7388 datasheet cross-sectional sample of 93 overweight (>= 85th percentile BMI) Latino youth (10-17 years) with a positive family history of type 2 diabetes. Dietary intake was assessed by two 24-h recalls, IAAT, and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) by magnetic resonance imaging, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and insulin dynamics by a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and minimal modeling. Participants were divided into three breakfast consumption categories: those who reported not eating breakfast on either day (breakfast skippers; n = 20), those who reported eating breakfast on one of two days (occasional breakfast eaters; n = 39) and those who ate breakfast on both days (breakfast eaters; n = 34). Using analyses of covariance, breakfast omission was associated with increased IAAT (P = 0.003) independent of age, Tanner, sex, total body fat, total body lean tissue mass, and daily energy intake. There were no significant differences in any other adiposity measure or in insulin dynamics between breakfast categories. Eating breakfast is associated with lower visceral adiposity in overweight Latino youth.